Abstract
Since ancient times the Black Sea area has been a cradle of different civilizations, a crossroads between Europe and Asia, which brought together peoples of diverse ethnic, cultural and religious origins. Throughout the centuries, the area has been well known for the linked economic and other relations of its peoples. These relations however, have not always been without problems. Periods of peace and stability, have often been followed by lengthy periods of conflict and war.
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Notes
F. Sen, ‘Black Sea Economic Cooperation: A Supplement to the EC?’, Aussenpolitik, 44, 3, 1993, p. 281.
The following paragraphs draw heavily upon BSEC, From Common Interests to Joint Actions (Istanbul: BSEC, Permanent International Secretariat, 1997), pp. 12–25.
For a more analytical discussion on the environmental problems of the Black Sea, and for the examination of the various collective efforts which have been put forward in confronting these problems, see M.W. Sampson III, ‘Black Sea Environmental Cooperation: States and the Most Seriously Degraded Regional Sea’, Bogazici Journal — Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies, 9, 1, 1995, pp. 51–76.
O. Ozuye, ‘Black Sea Economic Cooperation’, Mediterranean Quarterly, 3, 3, 1992, p. 52.
BSEC, Meeting of the Heads of State or Government of the Participating States of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Scheme and the Eighth Meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the BSEC Participating States (Istanbul: BSEC Permanent International Secretariat, 1996), p. 100.
See, for example, the ‘Plan of Actions for the Implementation of the Provisions of the Moscow Declaration and the Resolutions, Decisions and Recommendations of the Eight MMFA’, BSEC, Report of the Special Meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs with the Participation of the Ministers Responsible for Economic Affairs (Istanbul: BSEC Permanent International Secretariat, 1997), pp. 91–100.
For a more detailed discussion on this matter, see R. E. Ericson, ‘On Problems of Economic Transition in the Black Sea Region’, Bogazici Journal. Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies, 9, 1, 1995, pp. 23–31; and F. Sen, op. cit., pp. 284–5.
OECD, Economic Survey, 1995–1996, Turkey (Paris: OECD, 1996), pp. 1–3.
F. Sen, op. cit., 283. These categories can often overlap.
G.M. Winrow, ‘Discussion of Jack Snyder’s Article’, Bogazici Journal. Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies, 9, 1, 1995, p. 48.
Ibid., p. 48.
G.M. Winrow, op. cit., p. 49.
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© 1999 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
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Konidaris, G. (1999). The Black Sea Economic Cooperation Scheme. In: Hook, G., Kearns, I. (eds) Subregionalism and World Order. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14650-5_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14650-5_3
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