Abstract
The intention in this chapter is to set out the basic issues in current economic policy-making in Russia, with the emphasis on those related to industry; to relate those issues to the interests of the various sectors of the economy; and then very briefly to outline what industry-related economic policies have been implemented since the collapse of the Soviet Union.
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Notes
For the text of the ‘500 Days’ programme, see Perekhod k rynku. Kontseptsiia i programma, ‘Arkhangel’skoe’, Moscow, 1990. For a clear exposition of the Polish programme, and of shock therapy in general, see D. Lipton and J. Sachs, ‘Creating a market economy in Eastern Europe: the case of Poland’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, No. 1, 1990, pp. 75–147.
S. Fortescue, ‘Privatisation of large-scale Russian industry’, in A. Saikal and W. Maley (eds), Russia in Search of its Future, Cambridge UP, Cambridge, 1995, p. 92.
This brief summary is based on the election programmes of Iavlinskii’s Iabloko political bloc for both the 1993 and 1995 elections and his book Uroki ekonomicheskoi reformy, as reported in Delovoi mir, 22 June 1993, p. 10; Biznes i politika, No. 3, 1995, p. 23; and OMRI Daily Digest, Part 1, 6 December 1995; as well as from articles in Kommersant, 24 November 1993, p. 1 and Nezavisimaia gazeta, 10 February 1994, p. 4.
’sistemnye preobrazovaniia rossiiskoi ekonomikoi’ summary of the economic programme of RSPP, Delovoi mir, 13–19 February 1995, p. 16.
OMRI Daily Digest, Part 1, 6 February 1996; Jamestown Foundation, Monitor, 9 February 1996.
See Ziuganov’s report to the Third Communist Party Congress, ‘Vo imia otechestva, v interesakh naroda’, Tret’ii s”ezd Kommunisti cheskoi partii Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Materialy i dokumenty), ‘Informpechat’’, Moscow, 1995, pp. 97, 109.
Jamestown Foundation, Prism, Vol. 2, No. 1, Part 4, 12 January 1996; OMRI Special Report: Russian Election Survey, No. 11, 5 December 1995.
See the interview with the communist businessman Vladimir Semago in Jamestown Foundation, Prism, Vol. 2, No. 1, Part 4, 12 January 1996.
Jamestown Foundation, Monitor, 8 November 1995; OMRI Special Report: Russian Election Survey, No. 11, 5 December 1995. Land is always on the list of objects not to be privatized.
See, for example, the views of the communist chair of the Duma’s Committee on Security, Viktor Iliukhin. Jamestown Foundation, Monitor, 7 February 1996.
Communist economist Nikolai Savalev, quoted in Jamestown Foundation, Monitor, 8 November 1995.
Jamestown Foundation, Monitor, 8 November 1995; Programme of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Tret’ii s”ezd Kommunisticheskoi partii Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Materilay i dokumenty), ‘Informpechat’, Moscow, 1995, p. 112.
For example, see the low priority given inflation by Sergei Glaz’ev in his report to the Third Congress of the FTR, Delovoi mir, 1 October 1994, p. 4.
For example, Iu.V. Iaremenko, the director of the Institute of Economic Forecasting and a major academic spokesman for the centrists, in Rossiiskii ekonomicheskii zhurnal, No. 1, 1994, pp. 3–7.
Ekonomika i zhizn’, No. 6, 1995, p. 3 of supplement. See also’ sistemnye preobrazovaniia’, p. 16.
One of the strongest statements along these lines is from Iaremenko in Problemy prognozirovaniia, No. 1, 1993, pp. 5–28.
Ranging from the call for radical market reform and the shock therapy sequence in the NPS’s report on the state of the economy, submitted to Gorbachev and Yeltsin in September 1991, to the increasingly ‘hard’ centrist position of Vol’skii, for example, his ‘Thirteen theses on economic reform in Russia’, presented to a meeting of the board of RSPP in September 1992. Ekonomika i zhizn’, No. 39, 1991, pp. 10–11; Informatsionnyi vestnik, No. 3, 1992, pp. 5–19.
For example, Delovoi mir, 7 September 1993, p. 7. Since becoming minister he has shifted more decisively towards affirming the priority of fighting inflation over arresting the decline in production.
Kommersant, 24 November 1993, p. 1. See also Iaremenko in Rossiiskii ekoomicheskii zhurnal, No. 1, 1994, p. 5.
See Sergei Glaz’ev in Ekonomika i zhizn’ (Moscow edition), No. 19, 1995, pp. 1 and 4.
See, for example, fertilizer producers complaining about the currency corridor. Rossiiskie vesti, 19 September 1995, p. 3. Aleksandr Livshits, President Yeltsin’s economics adviser, makes the ‘falling rouble’ group one of his major political actors, with the group including exporters and their suppliers and the governors of the export regions and their representatives in the government. From an interview in the weekly Vek (20–26 October 1995), as reported in OMRI Economic Digest, No. 1, 2 November 1995.
The version of the so-called Shulunov-Kokoshin plan seen by the author was in the form of a report ‘Improving the state mechanism for the management of restructuring industry and conversion of the defence complex’ presented by G. I. Dzhandzhgava, vice-president of the League for Assistance to Defence Enterprises, at its Second Conference held in Moscow in April 1993. ‘Liga sodeistviia oboronnym predpriiatiiam’, Informatsionnyi sbornik, No. 2, 1993, pp. 18–28. A.N. Shulunov is president of the League, A.A. Kokoshin is a deputy Minister of Defence.
See Vladimir Mau in Nezavisimaia gazeta, 10 December 1995, p. 4.
See Ivan Materov, deputy Minister of Economics, in Russian Information Agency, 13 May 1993, items 2 and 14, and Oleg Soskovets in Russian Information Agency, 28 September 1993, item 43.
For example, Oleg Soskovets in Delovoi mir, 29 October 1993, p. 5.
Stal’ No. 12, 1994, p. 6.
M. McFaul, ‘State power, institutional change, and the politics of privatization in Russia’, World Politics, Vol. 47, No. 2, January 1995, p. 230.
E. Whitlock, ‘Industrial policy in Russia’, RFE/RL Research Report, Vol. 2, No. 9, 26 February 1993, pp. 44–8.
For some typically centrist and interventionist statements from the early Chernomyrdin, see Izvestiia, 16 December 1992, pp. 1 and 2 (the primacy of output); Russian Information Agency, 11 May 1993, item 12 (must not become ‘raw material appendage’); Russian Information Agency, 15 May 1993 (make more use of goszakazy).
Kommersant, 16 August 1995, p. 4.
Kommersant, 11 May 1995, p. 3; Jamestown Foundation, Prism, Part 2, 22 September 1995; Monitor, 29 August 1995.
Jamestown Foundation, Prism, 9 February 1996.
OMRI Daily Digest, Part 1, 12 February 1996; Jamestown Foundation, Monitor, 26 January 1996.
A case in which Yeltsin issued a decree calling on credits to be made available to the Krasnoiarsk Combine Factory, but to his fury the Ministry of Economics failed to take the necessary action. Izvestiia, 6 January 1996, pp. 1–2.
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© 1997 Stephen Fortescue
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Fortescue, S. (1997). Industry Policy — Issues and Arguments. In: Policy-Making for Russian Industry. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14172-2_2
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