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Molière’s Disturbing Fathers

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Paternity and Fatherhood
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Abstract

Molière paints a portrait of the society of his time and, in particular, of the bourgeois family.1 Critics seem to agree that he was the first to take as his object, ‘no longer isolated figures and stock types, but the richer reality of a family or a social setting, with their conflicts and their dynamism, with oppositions of light and shade, emotion and laughter.’2 This comédie bourgeoise which Molière invented and which, incidentally, is fully realised in only a handful of plays,3 obeys its own rules of dramatic composition, which Richard Monod has characterised thus: ‘it imprisons the head of the bourgeois family in his own home with relatives, children, servants, visitors. For the very first time we see the bourgeois family from the inside.’4

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Notes

  1. References to texts by Molière are from the two volume Pléiade edition edited by Georges Couton: Oeuvres Complètes (OC) (Paris: Gallimard, 1971).

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  2. Antoine Adam, Histoire de la littérature française au XVIIe siècle (Paris: Del Duca, 1962) III, L’Apogée du siècle. Boileau-Molière, p. 405. All translations from French by Patrick Corcoran.

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  3. Richard Monod, entry on Molière, Dictionnaire des littératures de langue française, J.-P. de Beaumarchais, Daniel Couty and Alain Rey (eds) (Paris: Bordas, 1984) p. 1525.

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  4. ... qui est presque toujours malade, et pour qui cette aimable fille a des sentiments d’amitié qui ne sont pas imaginables. Elle la sert, la plaint, et la console avec une tendresse qui vous toucherait l’âme. (OC II, p. 519.) It should be pointed out that this type of mother—daughter relationship, even if it clearly existed, was nevertheless far from typical. This at least is the view of Philippe Ariés in L’Enfant et la vie familiale sous l’Ancien Régime (Paris: Seuil, 1973) p. 7.

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  5. ...le manage est une chose sainte et sacrée (OC I, p. 268)

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  6. je connais leur famille et leur bien, et je veux résolument que vous vous disposiez à les recevoir pour maris. Je me lasse de vous avoir sur les bras.’ (OC I, p. 270.)

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  7. ...au lieu de la lecture de Clélie celle de quelques vieux livres qui marque l’antiquité du bonhomme, et qui n’ont rien qui ne parût barbare, si l’on en comparait le style à celui des ouvrages de l’illustre Sapho. (OC I, p. 1225.)

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  8. Eh! mourez le plus tôt possible que vous pourrez, c’est le mieux que vous puissiez faire. Il faut que chacun ait son tour, et j’enrage de voir des pères qui vivent autant que leur fils. (OC II, p. 73.)

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© 1998 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited

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Gorilovics, T. (1998). Molière’s Disturbing Fathers. In: Spaas, L. (eds) Paternity and Fatherhood. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13816-6_21

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