Skip to main content

Helping Women Who Become Distressed and/or Depressed Following Childbirth

  • Chapter
Maternal Distress and Postnatal Depression

Abstract

So far, we have concentrated on looking at different theories of postnatal depression and what might constitute potential causes of maternal distress. This has entailed looking at cultural and social attitudes to motherhood and medical and social attitudes towards mental illness in women. Crucial to this area is the provision of maternity services and the underlying philosophy behind maternity care. The final chapters have looked at women’s own experiences and the differing circumstances of these experiences.

Only relatively recently has motherhood become a lonely condition, when responsibility for the sole care of another human being, the baby, may be experienced as overwhelming and burdensome in its isolation.

(Ashurst and Hall, 1989, p. 155)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Affonso, D. D., Mayberry, L. T., Lovett, S. and Paul, S. (1994) ‘Cognitive Adaptation to Stressful Events during Pregnancy and Post Partum: Development and Testing of the CASE Instrument.’ Nursing Research 43(6): 338–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Appleby, L., Fox, H., Shaw, M. and Kumar, R. (1989) ‘The Psychiatrist in the Obstetric Unit: Establishing a Liaison Service.’ British Journal of Psychiatry 154: 510–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ashurst, P. and Hall, Z. (1989) Understanding Women in Distress (London: Tavistock/Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H. and Mendelsohn, M. (1961) ‘An Inventory for Measuring Depression.’ Archives of General Psychiatry 4: 53–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bedford, A. and Foulds, G. (1978) Delusions Symptoms States: States of Anxiety and Depression (Windsor: National Foundation for Educational Research).

    Google Scholar 

  • Charles, J. and Curtis, L. (1994) ‘Birth Afterthoughts — a Listening and Information Service.’ British Journal of Midwifery 2: 331–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clements, S. (1995) ‘Listening Visits’ in ‘Pregnancy: A Strategy for Preventing Postnatal Depression?’ Midwifery 11: 75–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Comport, M. (1987) Towards Happy Motherhood: Understanding Postnatal Depression (London: Corgi).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, J. L. (1986) Postnatal Depression (London: Churchill Livingstone).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., Sagovsky, K. (1987) ‘Detection of Postnatal Depression: Development of the 10 Item EPDS.’ British Journal of Psychiatry 150: 782–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cox, J. L., Gerrard, J., Cookson, D. and Jones J. M. (1993) ‘Development and Audit of Charles Street Parent and Baby Day Unit, Stoke on Trent.’ Psychiatric Bulletin 17: 711–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cutrona, C. E. and Troutman, B. R. (1986), ‘Social Support, Infant Temperament and Parenting Self Efficiency: A Medicational Model of Post Partum Depression.’ Child Development 57: 1507–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health (1993) Changing Childbirth. The Report of the Expert Maternity Group. (London: HMSO).

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health (1993) The Health of the Nation: Key Area Handbook on Mental Illness (London: HMSO).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eastwood, P. (1995) ‘Promoting Peer Group Support with Postnatally Depressed Women.’ Health Visitor 68(4): 148–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, S. A. (1994) ‘Uses and Misuses of the EPDS in Primary Care: A Comparison of Models Developed in Health Visiting.’ In Cox, J. L. and Holden, J. (eds) Perinatal Psychiatry (London: Gaskell).

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, S. A., Sanjack, M. and Leverton, T. J. (1988), ‘Parent’s Groups in Pregnancy: A Preventative Intervention for Postnatal Depression?’ In Gottleib, B. J. (ed.) Marshaling Social Support (California: Sage).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, D. P. (1972) The Detection of Psychiatric Illness by Questionnaires (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, J., Robertson, R. and Swan, M. (1995) ‘“Babies Don’t Come with a Set of Instructions”: Running Support Groups for Mothers.’ Health Visitor 68(4): 155–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Green, J. M. and Murray, D. (1994) ‘The Use of the EPDS in Research to Explore the Relationship between Antenatal and Postnatal Dysphoria.’ In Cox, J. L. and Holden, J. (eds) Perinatal Psychiatry (London: Gaskell).

    Google Scholar 

  • Holden, J. M. (1994) ‘Using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in Clinical Practice.’ In Cox, J. L. and Holden, J. M. (eds) Perinatal Psychiatry: Use and Misuse of the EPDS (London: Gaskell).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A., Watts, T. and Romain, S. (1995) ‘Facilitating Peer Group Support.’ Health Visitor 68(4): 153.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay, J. S. B. and Pollard, D. E. (1978) ‘Mothers and Children in Hospital.’ Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 12: 245–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May, A. (1995), ‘Using Exercise to Tackle Postnatal Depression.’ Health Visitor 68(4): 146–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McClarey, M. and Stokoe, B. (1995) ‘A Multi-disciplinary Approach to Postnatal Depression.’ Health Visitor 68(4): 141–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mcintosh, J. (1993) ‘Post Partum Depression: Women’s Help Seeking Behaviour and Perceptions of Cause.’ Journal of Advanced Nursing 18: 178–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oates, M. (1988) ‘The Development of an Integrated Community Orientated Service for Severe Postnatal Depression.’ In Kumar, R. and Brockington, I. F. (eds) Motherhood and Mental Illness 2 (London: Wright).

    Google Scholar 

  • Painter, A. (1995) ‘Health Visitor Identification of Postnatal Depression.’ Health Visitor 68(4): 138–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prettyman, R. J. and Friedman, T. (1991) ‘Care of women with Puerperal Psychiatric Disorders in England and Wales.’ British Medical Journal 302: 1245–6.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Relf, K. and Alexander, J. (1994) ‘Born Under Stress.’ Nursing Times 90(12): 29–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riley, D. (1995) Perinatal Mental Health (Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, A. (1993) ‘Cope Street Revisited.’ Health Visitor 66(10): 358–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, A., Adams, D. and Glover, V. (1994) ‘Postnatal Depression: Identification, Risks Factors and Effects.’ British Journal of Midwifery 2(6): 253–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S. (1983) ‘A Theory of Cognitive Adaptation.’ American Psychologist 38: 1161–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winterton Report (1992) Health Committee Second Report on the Maternity Services, vol. 1 (London: HMSO).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 1997 Jane Littlewood and Nessa McHugh

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Littlewood, J., McHugh, N. (1997). Helping Women Who Become Distressed and/or Depressed Following Childbirth. In: Maternal Distress and Postnatal Depression. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13755-8_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13755-8_10

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-333-63834-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-349-13755-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics