Abstract
Studies of innovation, technology transfer and technology diffusion identify tacit knowledge as an important component of innovation (e.g. Dosi, 1988; Rosenberg, 1976, 1982). None of these discussions provide a satisfactory definition for tacit knowledge or give a detailed, systematic account of its role in technological innovation. Nor do they provide guidance on how its importance may differ according to the industrial sector or technology being studied or how firms may acquire it.
This chapter was first presented as a paper at the PICT ‘Exploring Expertise’ Conference at the University of Edinburgh in November 1992 (and published in AI & Society, Vol. 7, No.3 (1993) by Springer-Verlag; reprinted herewith with permission of the publisher). The author would like to acknowledge the financial support of the ESRC both through the Designated Research Centre on Science, Technology and Energy Policy at the Science Policy Research Unit, which enabled this paper to be written; and for the project entitled ‘Public-private research linkages in advanced technologies’ (ESRC award number Y 306 25 3001) conducted under the Science Policy Support Group/ESRC programme Public Science and Commercial Enterprise from which the empirical results derive.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
BRAUN, E. and MACDONALD, S. (1978) Revolution in Miniature (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
COLLINS, H. M. (1974) ‘The TEA Set: Tacit Knowledge and Scientific Networks’, Science Studies, Vol. 4, pp. 165–86.
DOSI, G. (1988) ‘The Nature of the Innovative Process’, in G. Dosi, C. Freeman, R. Nelson, G. Silverberg and L. Soete (eds) Technical Change and Economic Theory (Pinter Publishers, London).
EDELMAN, J. (1982) ‘Food Chemistry and Cuisine’, Chemistry and Industry, 17 July, pp. 481–83.
FAULKNER, W. (1986) ‘Linkage between Industrial and Academic Research: The Case of Biotechnological Research in the Pharmaceutical Industry’, DPhil Thesis (Brighton: Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex).
FAULKNER, W., SENKER, J. and VELHO, L. (1995) Knowledge Frontiers: Public Sector Research and Industrial Innovation in Biotechnology, Engineering Ceramics and Parallel Computing (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
FLAMM, K. (1988) Creating the Computer (Washington: The Brookings Institution).
FLECK, J. (1993) ‘Configurations: Crystallising Contingency’, International Journal of Human Factors in Manufacturing, 3(1), pp. 15–36.
FLECK, J. (1983) ‘The Effective Utilization of Robots: The Management of Expertise and Know-how’, Proc. 6th British Robot Association Annual Conference (Bedford: IFS Publications Ltd).
GANN, D., MATTHEWS, M., PATEL, P. and SIMMONDS, P. (1992) Analysis of Private and Public Sector Funding of Research and Development in the Construction Sector (Brighton: IPRA).
GIBBONS, M. and JOHNSTON, R. (1974) ‘The Roles of Science in Technological Innovation’, Research Policy, Vol. 3, pp. 220–42.
GOLDING, A. (1971) ‘The Semiconductor Industry in Britain and the United States. A Case Study in Innovation, Growth and the Diffusion of Technology’, DPhil Thesis (Brighton: University of Sussex).
HALL, G. R. and JOHNSON, R. E. (1970) ‘Transfers of United States Aerospace Technology to Japan’, in R. Vernon (ed.), The Technology Factor in International Trade (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research).
IMAI, K. (1991) ‘Globalization and Cross-border Networks of Japanese Firms’, Paper presented to Japan in a Global Economy Conference, Stockholm School of Economics, 5–6 September.
KENNEY, M. (1986) Biotechnology: The University-Industrial Complex (New Haven and London: Yale University Press).
KLINE, S. J. (1990a) Innovation Styles in Japan and the United States: Cultural Bases; Implications for Competitiveness, The 1989 Thurston Lecture, Report INN-3, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford.
KLINE, S. J. (1990b) ‘Models of Innovation and Their Policy Consequences’, Paper presented at NISTEP International Conference on Science and Technology Policy Research — What Should be Done? What can be Done?, Tokyo.
KUHN, T. S. (1970) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd edn (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
MADEUF, B. (1984) ‘International Technology Transfers and International Technology Payments: Definitions, Measurement and Firms’ Behaviour’, Research Policy, Vol. 13, pp. 125–40.
METCALFE, J. and GIBBONS, M. (1989) ‘Technology, Variety and Organisation’, in R. Rosenbloom and R. Burgelman, (eds), Research on Technological Innovation, Management and Policy, Vol. 4, pp. 153–93.
NOBLE, D. F. (1979) ‘Social Choice in Machine Design: The Case of Automatically Controlled Machine Tools’, A. Zimbalist (ed.), Case Studies on the Labor Process (New York and London: Monthly Review Press).
NONAKA, I. (1992) ‘Managing Innovation as a Organizational Knowledge Creation Process’, Paper prepared for (Tricontinental) Handbook of Technology Management, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo.
PAVITT, K. (1984) ‘Sectoral Patterns of Technical Change: Towards a Taxonomy and a Theory’, Research Policy, Vol. 13, pp. 343–73.
PAVITT, K. (1987) ‘The Objectives of Technology Policy’, Science and Public Policy, Vol. 14(4), pp. 182–88.
POLANYI, M. (1966) The Tacit Dimension (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul).
POLANYI, M. (1969) ‘The Logic of Tacit Inference’, Knowing and Being (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul).
RAVETZ, J. R. (1971) Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
ROSENBERG, N. (1976) Perspectives on Technology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
ROSENBERG, N. (1982) ‘How Exogenous is Science?’, in Inside the Black Box. Technology and Economics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
SAPIENZA, A. (1989) ‘Collaboration as a Global Competitive Tactic’, R&D Management, 19(4), pp. 285–95.
SENKER, J. (1991) The Biotechnology Directorate’s Programmes for Technology Transfer in Relation to Small and Medium Sized Firms (University of Sussex, Brighton: Science Policy Research Unit).
SENKER, P., BUCKINGHAM, J. and TOWNSEND, J. (1989) ‘Some Implications of Expert Systems for Work’, in T. Bernold and U. Hillenkamp, (eds.) Expert Systems in Production and Services II (Amsterdam: Elsevier), pp. 249–69.
SØRENSEN, K. H. and LEVOLD, N. (1992) ‘Tacit Networks, Heterogeneous Engineers and Embodied Technology’, Science, Technology, and Human Values, Vol. 17(1), pp. 13–35.
TEITELMAN, R. (1989) Gene Dreams (New York: Basic Books Inc).
US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (1991) Biotechnology in a Global Economy (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office), p. 111.
VINCENTI, W (1990) What Engineers Know and How They Know It, Analytical Studies from Aeronautical History (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press).
VON HIPPEL, E. (1988) The Sources of Innovation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
WINTER, S. (1987) ‘Knowledge and Competence as Strategic Assets’, in D. Teece (ed.), The Competitive Challenge. Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger) pp. 159–83.
Editor information
Copyright information
© 1998 Jacqueline Senker
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Senker, J. (1998). The Contribution of Tacit Knowledge to Innovation. In: Williams, R., Faulkner, W., Fleck, J. (eds) Exploring Expertise. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13693-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13693-3_10
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-13695-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-13693-3
eBook Packages: Palgrave Business & Management CollectionBusiness and Management (R0)