Abstract
Whenever a policy is announced, whether it be a different approach to economic affairs, enabling schools to ‘opt out’ or creating an internal market in health care, there is usually a great deal of media and academic speculation on its probable outcomes and rather less concern about how and why the policy emerged. This chapter attempts to redress the balance by outlining a range of theories which have offered explanations about the process of making policy. It will end by raising some key issues which will be revisited in subsequent chapters.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Alford, R. A. (1975) The Politics of Health Care, London: University of Chicago Press.
Allison, G. T. (1971) Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis, Boston: Little, Brown.
Allsop, J. (1984) Health Policy and the NHS, London: Longman.
Bachrach, P. and Baratz, M.S. (1970) Power and Poverty Theory and Practice, London: Oxford University Press.
Butler, J. (1992) Patients, Policies and Politics. Before and after Working for Patients, Buckingham: Open University Press.
Department of Health (1989) Working for Patients, Cmnd 555, London: HMSO.
Dunleavy, P. (1981) ‘Alternative theories of liberal democratic politics: the pluralist-marxist debate in the 1980s’, in D. Potter with Anderson, J., Clarke, J. Coombes, P., Hall, S., Harris, L., Holloway, C. and Walton, T. (1981) Society and the Social Sciences, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul in association with the Open University Press.
Dunleavy, P. (1988) ‘Theories of State in British Politics’, in Drucker, H., Dunleavy, P., Gamble, A. and Peele, G. (1986), Developments in British Politics, rev. edn, London: Macmillan.
Eckstein, H.H. (1960) The English Health Service: its origins, structure and achievements, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Ham, C. (1981) Policy-making in the National Health Service. A case study of the Leeds Regional Hospital Board, London: Macmillan.
Ham, C. (1992) Health Policy in Britain, 3rd edn, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Ham, C. and Hill, M. (1993) The Policy Process and the Modern Capitalist State, 2nd edn, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Harrison, S. (1988) Managing the National Health Service — Shifting the Frontier?, London: Chapman & Hall.
Harrison, S., Hunter, D.J. and Pollitt, C. (1990) The Dynamics of British Health Policy, London: Routledge.
Hayward, S. and Alaszewski, A. (1980) Crisis in the Health Service. The politics of management, London: Croom Helm.
Heclo, H. and Wildavsky, A. (1974) The Private Government of Public Money, London: Macmillan.
Hirst, P. (1987) ‘Retrieving Pluralism’, in W. Outhwaite and M. Mulkay (eds), Social Theory and Social Criticism, Oxford: Blackwell.
Hood, C. (1991) ‘A public management for all seasons’, Public Administration, vol. 69, Spring, pp. 3–19.
Hunter, D.J. (1980) Coping with Uncertainty, Letchworth: Research Studies Press.
Jacob, J. M. (1991) Public Law, Summer, pp. 255–81.
Jordan, G. and Schubert, K. (1992) ‘A preliminary ordering of policy network labels’, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 21, pp. 7–27.
Klein, R. (1989) The Politics of the NHS, 2nd edn, London: Longman.
Lindblom, C. E. (1959) ‘The Science of Muddling Through’, Public Administration Review, vol. 19, Spring, pp. 79–88.
Lindblom, C.E. (1979) ‘Still Muddling, Not Yet Through’, Public Administration Review, vol. 39, November/December, pp. 517–26.
Lindblom, C. E. and Woodhouse, E.J. (1993) The Policy Making Process, 3rd edn, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Lukes, S. (1974) Power: a radical view, London: Macmillan.
McKeown, T. (1980) The Role of Medicine: Dream, Mirage or Nemesis?, 2nd edn, Oxford: Blackwell.
Miliband, R. (1969) The State in Capitalist Society, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
Minogue, M., (1983) ‘Theory and Practice in Public Policy and Administration’, Policy and Politics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 63–8.
NHMSE (1991a) Moving Forward — Needs, Services and Contracts, London: Department of Health.
NHSME (1991b) Purchasing Intelligence, London: Department of Health.
Paton, C. (1993) ‘Devolution and Centralism in the National Health Service’, Social Policy and Administration, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 83–108.
Poulantzas, N. (1973) Political Power and Social Classes, London: New Left Books.
Rhodes, R.A. W. (1988) Beyond Westminster and Whitehall, London: Unwin Hyman.
Rhodes, R. A. W. (1990) ‘Policy Networks. A British Perspective’, Journal of Theoretical Politics, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 293–317.
Rhodes, R. A. W. and Marsh, D. (1992a) ‘Policy Networks in British Politics. A critique of existing approaches’, in D. Marsh and R. A. W. Rhodes (eds), Policy Networks in British Government, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rhodes, R. A. W. and Marsh, D. (1992b) ‘New Directions in the study of policy networks’, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 21, pp. 181–205.
Smith, M.J. (1990) ‘Pluralism, reformed pluralism and neopluralism: the role of pressure groups in policy-making,’ Political Studies, vol. 38, pp. 302–22.
Smith, M.J. (1993) Pressure, Power and Policy, State Autonomy and Policy Networks in Britain and the United States, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Walby, S. (1986) Patriarchy at work: patriarchal and capitalist relations in employment, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Walby, S. (1990) Theorizing Patriarchy, Oxford: Blackwell.
Wilks, S. and Wright, M. (1987) Comparative Government-Industry Relations, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Willcocks, A.J. (1967) The Creation of the National Health Service, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Wistow, G. (1992) ‘The Health Service Policy Community’, in D. Marsh and R. A. W. Rhodes (eds), Policy Networks in British Government, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wright, M. (1988) ‘Policy Community, Policy Network and Comparative Industrial Policies’, Political Studies, vol. 36, pp. 593–612.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1997 Nancy North
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
North, N. (1997). Policy Processes. In: North, N., Bradshaw, Y. (eds) Perspectives in Health Care. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13469-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13469-4_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-61465-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-13469-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)