Summary
Flanges on hollow cylindrical engineering components are often made by free upsetting when under certain conditions a bulge is formed in the unsupported portion, which on further deformation appears as a fold in the finished flange.
The alternative method of flange extrusion has been investigated for producing flange at the end, or away from the end of tubes. The results show that folds in the flange are often present, albeit in a reduced size under favourable conditions. The penetration of the fold or folds is greater into thicker flanges and are often accompanied by a defect in the bore of the tube which has a crack-like appearance. The diameter of the flange is uneven and its shape can be irregular. Particularly thinner flanges often obtain a dished shape, which becomes more pronounced as the diameter of the flange increases.
An upper bound method developed to predict extrusion pressures agreed well with experiments over particular flange tickness/tube wall thickness ratios.
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References
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© 1993 Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
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Lengyel, B., Shahmoradi, S.A., Chaudhry, I.A. (1993). Cold Extrusion of Flanges on Cylindrical Hollows. In: Kochhar, A.K. (eds) Proceedings of the Thirtieth International MATADOR Conference. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13255-3_30
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13255-3_30
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