Abstract
A long and tiring two days in the tiny little ramshackle service train, over the mountains and plains of South Manchuria, has brought us to Mukden. For the first day, we travelled in the company of the Inspecting Officer of the soldiers stationed along the line. It was interesting to watch, at each station, two private soldiers come to the door of the compartment, present arms, and then make a short, concise statement of everything that had happened. Our invaluable Nishi interpreted the statement to us. These extraordinary rank and file [soldiers] showed the typical reverence for the superior officer, and the intelligence and good judgement of the Japanese lower class, both in their attitude and in their words. It was a curious sensation, travelling under armed escort, along a line guarded by troops — all in times of peace. The Chinese coolies working on the line were tall and rather good-looking, with pleasant, intelligent faces. But some of them looking awful blackguards — most of them with a sly and shifty expression — without any consciousness of responsibility. We hear that they are terrible thieves and the line having to be guarded against their pilfering instincts. But up to now, we have only heard the Japanese side of the question.
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Notes
General Chao Erh-sun (b. 1846), Chinese Bannerman and widely experienced Manchu administrator, who had been appointed Viceroy of Manchuria in April, 1911.
R. Willis, British Consul at Harbin, and from October 1912, at Chefoo.
Charles Perry Scott, D.D. (1847–1927), Church of England missionary, Bishop of North China at Peking (1880–1913) and Chaplain to the British Legation in Peking.
G.E. Morrison (1862–1920), Australian adventurer, medical graduate of Edinburgh University, and Peking Correspondent of The Times already referred to in these notes, who was to become Political Adviser to the President of the Chinese Republic.
Willard D. Straight (1880–1918), former American diplomat who was at the time acting as financial agent for the J. P. Morgan Harriman group.
Philip Halsey Patchin (1884–1954), who had from 1909–11 been Chief of the Division of Information in the US State Department, and was later to serve as Chief of the Division of Foreign Intelligence (1917–18).
Hsu Shih-ch’ang (1855–1939), previously Viceroy of Manchuria, and an eventual Republican President (1918–22). In May of 1911 Hsu had become Associate Prime Minister in Prince Ch’ing’s Cabinet, but on the date of this diary entry he had accepted the office of Vice-President of the Privy Council.
J. L. Garvin (d. 1947), London journalist, long-time editor of The Observer (1908–42) and of the 1929 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica.
Kungpah King (Chin Shao-ch’eng, b. 1876) and Soh-tsu King (Chin Shao-chi, b. 1886). The first had studied commerce and the second electrical engineering at King’s College, London.
Robert Edward Bredon (1846–1918), from January 1898 Deputy-Inspector of the Imperial Chinese Maritime Customs.
Francis Arthur Aglen (1869–1932), who acted for Hart when the latter returned to England on sick-leave following a stroke. Hart died on 20 September 1911 and Aglen was appointed his successor as Inspector-General.
Phillip K. C. Tyau, or Tiao Tso-ch’ien (b. 1880), a Cambridge graduate who was head of the English Branch of the Information Bureau of the Wai-wu pu, editor of the Peking News, and lawn-tennis champion of Peking.
M. N. Gamewell, The Gateway to China, Pictures of Shanghai (New York, 1916) p. 143, comments of Shanghai’s Chinese City that in it ‘every trade has its guild which sees to it that the interests of its members are protected. Many of the guilds are wealthy and powerful, politically as well as commercially… They have their guild-houses, all more or less elaborately fitted-up with rooms for conferences and feasts, and attached to them are rows of long low buildings divided into small chambers, where, upon the payment of a rental, the coffins of deceased members may be deposited until a convenient time for burial.’
Cf. Carl Crow, The Traveller’s Handbook for China (3rd edn, 1921) p. 113: ‘With the growth of the big Chinese population in the Foreign Settlement of Shanghai, Western ideas made great changes in the drama of China and there are now in Shanghai a number of pretentious Chinese theatres conducted on Western lines… The native producer of today is quite as up-to-date as his foreign contemporary, and before the end of the recent revolution in China, the theatres of Shanghai were producing plays which portrayed the stirring battles of the revolution…’.
John Calvin Ferguson (1866–1945), American administrator and author of books on Chinese bronze and porcelain.
Established by French Jesuits in 1847 at the homestead of the Zi family, Chinese Christians for more than three hundred years, the settlement included a convent and a furniture and brass shop, as well as one of the most complete meteorological observatories in the world, providing twice-daily weather forecasts for the entire coast of China.
According to M. N. Gamewell, The Gateway to China, p. 44, the rule was that ‘Chinese are not admitted to the Gardens, except nurses with foreign children, unless dressed in foreign clothes or accompanied by a foreigner. This is to keep the grounds from being overrun by the coolie class.’ But it was eventually proposed, at the 1927 ratepayers’ meeting, ‘That Jessfield and Hongkew Parks, the Public Gardens, the Bund Lawns and Foreshore, Quinsan Gardens and Brenan Piece be opened to the Chinese on the same terms as foreigners.’ Initially postponed, a similar motion was proposed and passed on 18 April 1928. F. L. Hawks Pott, A Short History of Shanghai, Being an Account of the Growth and Development of the International Settlement (Shanghai, 1928) p. 303.
Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881), historian and essayist. See his Chartism (London, 1839) ch. V.
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© 1992 The London School of Economics and Political Science
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Feaver, G. (1992). China. In: Feaver, G. (eds) The Webbs in Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12328-5_4
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