Abstract
I recall a conference, held under the auspices of the World Congress of Faiths, at which representatives of several of the world’s major religious communities addressed the audience on the ‘problems, possibilities and challenges encountered through the use of language and symbolism in dialogue between the great religions of the world’. I presented the viewpoint of the ‘committed, orthodox Jew’. All of us who participated drew on the traditional sources of our faiths — in my case the Bible, the Talmud and the writings of the rabbis — and with diligence and ingenuity cited apt texts in support of our views. Yet we soon discovered that the language we were using was only in part the language of our traditions. If we had not also been articulate in modern English (certainly not the principal language of any of our traditions) we should not have been able to communicate with our audience or with one another. Evidently, the organisers had invited only fluent English-speakers to lecture. Had they realised the full implications of this practical necessity?
The first version of this chapter appeared as ‘The Language of Dialogue in World Religions’ in World Faiths Insight (London), 1987.
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Notes
In C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards, The Meaning of Meaning 7th edn (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1945) supplement i.
William Downes, Language and Society (London: Fontana, 1984) p. 337;
see the whole of ch. 11. The philosophical concept of ‘speech acts’ was elaborated by John R. Searle in his seminal paper ‘What is a Speech Act?’ in Max Black (ed.), Philosophy in America (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1965) pp. 221–39. Searle’s main concern, however, is with the intentionality of verbal speech acts.
D. Hymes, in J. Gumpertz and D. Hymes, Directions in Sociolinguistics (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972); cited in Downes Language and Society p. 257.
G. E. M. Anscombe, Intention (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1957).
See J. L. Austin, How to Do Things with Words, William James Lectures (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1955).
W. V. O. Quine, From a Logical Point of View (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953) p. 43. Of course, before Quine was born Ferdinand de Saussure had already made clear that language units can only be defined in relation to other units within the system; but neither he nor his structuralist followers made the correct philosophical inferences.
Hubert L. Dreyfus, What Computers Can’t Do (New York: Harper and Row, 1972).
John R. Searle, Minds, Brains and Science, Reith Lectures (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984);
Paul M. Churchland, A Neuro-computational Perspective: The Nature of Mind and the Structure of Science (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1990).
L. Klenicki and G. Wigoder (eds), A Dictionary of the Jewish-Christian Dialogue (Ramsay, NJ: Stimulus Foundation, Paulist Press, 1984).
Compare Paul F. Knitter, No Other Name? (London: SCM Press, 1985) p. 101.
Moses Maimonides, The Guide of the Perplexed, Shlomo Pines, 2 vols (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963).
K. M. Colby, Artificial Paranoia (New York. Pergamon Press, 1975).
Jerry A. Fodor, The Modularity of Mind (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1983). On input and language systems see esp. p. 47ff. On central systems see p. 101ff.
S. Stich, ‘Beliefs and Subdoxastic States’, Philosophy of Science XLV (1973) 499–518. See Fodor, The Modularity of Mind p. 84.
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© 1991 Norman Solomon
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Solomon, N. (1991). Language and Dialogue. In: Judaism and World Religion. Library of Philosophy and Religion. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12069-7_8
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