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Electromanipulation in Hybridoma Technology pp 1–30Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Electroinjection and Electrofusion in Hypo-osmolar Solution

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Abstract

The discovery of the phenomenon of reversible breakdown of cell membranes in response to electric field pulses of high intensity and short duration paved the way for the development of new tools in bioprocessing and genetic engineering.1 Electroinjection (electropermeabilization or electroporation) of membrane-impermeable molecules of low and high molecular weight into living cells was the first application of this field pulse technique.2–4 Research at the Nuclear Research Center, Jülich, in the 1970s showed that dyes, proteins, DNA, RNA, and also latex particles could be injected into mammalian cells without deterioration of cellular or membrane functions.2–9 This method is now used in many laboratories for injection of plasmids into cells and for the formation of transformants.10–14 The potential of the electric field pulse technique further increased when the first report on fusion of cells at high densities with electrical breakdown pulses was published.15 This electrofusion method was, however, only fully explored when the required membrane contact between freely suspended cells was achieved by cell alignment in an alternating inhomogeneous field.16

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References

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Authors
  1. Ulrich Zimmermann
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  2. Petra Gessner
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  3. Michaela Wander
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  4. Steven K. H. Foung
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Editor information

Carl A. K. Borrebaeck Inger Hagen

Copyright information

© 1989 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited

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Cite this chapter

Zimmermann, U., Gessner, P., Wander, M., Foung, S.K.H. (1989). Electroinjection and Electrofusion in Hypo-osmolar Solution. In: Borrebaeck, C.A.K., Hagen, I. (eds) Electromanipulation in Hybridoma Technology. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11339-2_1

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