Abstract
What follows is a study of the use of force in Chinese diplomacy. The use of force is not treated as anything more than a specific mode of foreign policy. It is argued that the Chinese use of force is simply another mechanism that serves to confirm, actualise, and, above all, dramatise China’s national self-image as perceived by the dominant domestic political force.
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Notes
Ting-fang Yao, The Opium War and Emperor Daoguang, Lin Zebu, Qishan and Qiying (Taibei: Canmin Bookstore, 1970) pp. 152–5.
Historical materials on the Sino-Japanese affairs in the Guangxu years, 14:23–24, 27–28, 41–41, Edition of Literature on the Sino-Japanese War (Zhongri zhanzheng wenxian huibian), ed. C. L. Yang (Taibei: Dingwen Bookstore, 1973); Telegrams in Li wenzhong gong quanxu, 16:22, ed. Yang.
See Hsuan-chih Tai, The Study of the Boxers (Yihetuan yenjiu), (Taibei: The Commercial, 1963) p. 75.
See, for example, Ah Yin, (ed.), Literature on the Incident of the Year of Gengzi (Gengzi shibian wenxueji), (Beijing: Chinese Bookstore, 1959), p. 947.
Hsiang-hsiang Wu, The History of the Second Sino-Japanese War (Dierci zhongri zhanzhengshi), (Taibei: Scooper Monthly, 1973), pp. 344–5.
Ibid., Wei-kuo Chiang, (ed.), National Revolutionary History (Guomin gemingshi) 3 (Taibei: Limin Publication, 1979), pp. 7–8.
See Chi-hsueh Fu, Chinese Diplomatic History (Zhongguo waijiaoshi), (Taibei: The Commercial, 1983) p. 602.
Chiang Kai-shek, The Collected Wartime Messages of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek (ed.) Chinese Ministry of Information (New York: Kraus Reprint, 1969) p. 754.
The Headquarter of the Chinese People Opposing America, Assisting Korea Movement (ed.), The Great ‘Opposing America, Assisting Korea Movement (Weida de kangmei yuanchao yundong), (Beijing: New China Bookstore, 1954) p. 3.
World Knowledge Publication (ed.), The PRC Foreign Relations Documents, 1958 (Zhonghua renmin gongheguo duiwai guanxi wenjianji, 1958) Beijing: World Knowledge Publication, 1959) vol. 5., pp. 175–6, 179.
See, for example, The Institute of International Relations (ed.), Collection of Original Materials Concerning the Disputes between the Bandits and Russia (Fei e zhengzhi yuanshi ziliao huiban), vols. 7–14 (Taibei: Institute of International Relations, 1966–1971), vol. 8, pp. 28, 30, 49; vol. 11, pp. 283, 294; vol. 13, p. 2; vol. 14, p. 11.
As to the difficulty that China had in explaining the visit to the Vietnamese, see Zhou Enlai’s reports concerning the international situation made to the CCP in December, 1971, Collection of the Chinese Communist Secret Documents, ed. the Research Center of International Relations (Taibei: Zhengzhi University), p. 349, cited by Chien Chao, ‘An Analysis of Deteriorating Sino-Vietnamese Relations’ (Zhongyue guanxi ehua zhi fenxi), Fei Ching Yueh Pao 21, 1 (1978): 47.
In fact, the Chinese claimed that they reserved the right to punish Vietnam in the future. See Pao-tang Yen, ‘An Analysis of the Sino-Vietnamese Negotiation’ (Zhongyue tanpan zhi fenxi), Fei Ching Yueh Pao 21, 12 (1979): 9–13.
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© 1990 Chih-yu Shih
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Shih, Cy. (1990). National Self-image Demonstrated: Force in Chinese Diplomacy. In: The Spirit of Chinese Foreign Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11156-5_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11156-5_8
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