Abstract
Having defined the concept of uneven development and its measurement in Chapter 2, in this chapter we measure uneven development in China and India. This is done in Section I using the Yotopoulos— Lau (Y/L) and Lardy indexes discussed in Chapter 2. The measurement of intra-industry and disaggregated intersectoral linkages à la Hirschman is dealt with in Chapter 4.
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Notes and References
Kuan Chen, Gary H. Jefferson, Thomas G. Rawski, Hongchang Wang and Yuxin Zheng, ‘New Estimates of Fixed Investment and Capital Stock for Chinese State Industry’, China Quarterly, June 1988.
Anupam Gupta, Overall Rate of Growth and Sectoral Rates of Growth — A Study of Instability in Economic Development, paper presented at the VIIIth World Economic Congress of the International Economic Association, New Delhi, 1–5 December 1986.
This and the above paragraph are based on private communication with Professor Thomas Rawski of the University of Pittsburgh, USA.
Carl Riskin, China’s Political Economy — The Quest for Development Since 1949, New York, Oxford University Press, 1987, pp. 128–9.
Liang Wensen, ‘Balanced Development of Industry and Agriculture’, in Xu Dixin and others, China’s Search for Economic Growth — The Chinese Economy since 1949, Beijing, New World Press, 1982.
I owe this point to Erik Baark.
Government of India, Planning Commission, Second Five Year Plan, 1956–61, New Delhi, 1956.
See Amit Bhaduri, Alternative Development Strategies and the Poor, 1989.
The Fourth Plan was delayed by three years due to the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965, two agricultural droughts of 1965 and 1966 and interruption of foreign aid.
Suzanne Paine, ‘Balanced Development: Maoist Conception and Chinese Practice’, World Development, April 1976.
Riskin, China’s Political Economy, pp. 128–9.
Azizur Rehman Khan and Eddy Lee (eds), Agrarian Policies and Institutions in China after Mao, Bangkok, ILO, ARTEP, 1983
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Ibid, pp. 207–8.
Shujie Yao and David Colman, ‘Chinese Agricultural Policies and Agricultural Reforms’, Oxford Agrarian Studies, vol. 18, no. 1, 1990; and Bruce Stone, ‘Relative Prices in the People’s Republic of China: Rural Taxation through Public Monopsony’, in John W. Mellor and Raisuddin Ahmed (eds), Agricultural Price Policy for Developing Countries, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.
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For a general discussion of local foodgrains self-sufficiency, see Riskin, China’s Political Economy, and Nicholas R. Lardy, Agriculture in China’s Modern Economic Development, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Benedict Stavis, Making Green Revolution: The Politics of Agricultural Development in China, Rural Development Monograph No. 1, Ithaca, New York, Cornell University Rural Development Committee, 1974.
I owe this point to Ajit Ghose of the ILO World Employment Programme.
Yao and Colman, ‘Chinese Agricultural Policies...’.
Paine, Economic and Political Weekly, 1976, p. 1371.
This is indeed reflected in Mao’s following statement in Wan-sui: ‘The importance we attach to agriculture is symbolised by the quantity of steel products which we are allocating to agriculture.’ See ‘Mao Tse-tung ssu-hsiang wansui’ (Long Live Mao Tse-tung’s Thought) translated by the US Joint Publications Research Service, and published under the title: ‘Miscellany of Mao Tse-tung Thought’; cited in Suzanne Paine, ‘Balanced Development: Maoist Conception and Chinese Practice’, World Development, April 1976.
Michael Lipton, ‘Transfer of Resources from Agriculture to Non-agricultural Activities: The Case of India’, IDS Communication Series No. 109, 1972.
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See Ravi Srivastva, Planning and Regional Disparities in India, paper presented at the Conference on ‘The State and Development Planning in India’, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, 21–24 April 1989.
Raj Krishna, ‘The Centre and the Periphery — Interstate Disparities in Economic Development’, in Facets of India’s Development — G. L. Mehta Memorial Lectures, Bombay, Indian Institute of Technology, 1986.
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I. S. Gulhati and K. K. George, ‘Interstate Distribution Through Budgetary Transfers’, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 13, no. 11, 1978.
See P. Aguigner, ‘Regional Disparities since 1978’, in S. Feuchtwang, A. Hussain and T. Pairault (eds), Transforming China’s Economy in the 1980s, vol. 2, London, Zed Books Ltd 1988.
Rizwanul Islam, ‘Growth of Rural Industries in Post-Reform China: Patterns, Determinants and Consequences’, Development and Change, October 1991.
Daniel Southerland, ‘Beijing Reinforces Central Planners’ Role and Extends Austerity’, International Herald Tribune, Zurich, 2–3 December 1989.
I owe these points to Chris shu-ki Tsang, Hong Kong Baptist College.
International Herald Tribune, Zurich, 14 August 1989.
For a discussion of the Indian liberal economic reforms, see T. N. Srinivasan, ‘Economic Liberalisation in China and India: Issues and an Analytical Framework’, Journal of Comparative Economics, September 1987; also reprinted in Bruce Reynolds (ed.), Chinese Economic Reforms: How Far, How Fasti New York, Academic Press, 1988.
Government of India, Planning Commission, Approach to the Eighth Five Year Plan (1990–95), New Delhi, May 1990 (Draft), pp. 41–3.
Budget Speech by Dr Manmohan Singh, Minister of Finance, Government of India, Budget for 1991–92, Times of India, Bombay, 25 July 1991
Ibid.
Gordon White, ‘Riding the Tiger: Grass Roots Rural Politics in the Wake of the Chinese Economic Reforms’, in Ashwani Saith (ed.) The Re-emergence of the Chinese Peasantry — Aspects of Rural Decollectivisation, London, Croom Helm, 1987.
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© 1992 A.S. Bhalla
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Bhalla, A.S. (1992). Uneven Development in China and India. In: Uneven Development in the Third World. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11150-3_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11150-3_3
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