Abstract
Vansinas ethnic classification for Zaire, which was the starting point for our classification, distinguishes identity groups, and clusters into broad regions. The regions, however, reflect a high degree of internal cultural variation. The identity groups which we have clustered together are judged to be culturally similar and Q-factor analytic techniques have been used in this determination (for details, see the Ethnic Unit Classification essay in (in Vol. I) In addition to cultural criteria, we have also tried to assess linguistic, ecological, historical, and economic factors. Prominent groups which do not satisfy the minimum size requirement are the Téké (about 250,000), the Pendé (about 20,000), the Luimbé (about 250,000) and smaller groups such as the Yeké, the Lunda, the Yaka, the Kuba, the Hemba-Bemba, the Boa, and the Binza. Beginning in the 1880s those peoples who shared Lingala, a common trade language, have been referred to as if they constituted an ethnic group called the Bangala. President Mobutu, while born into the Ngwandi ethnic group, now claims this wider Bangala ethnicity. Population data on the ethnic units are based on 1962 data cited in the Area Handbook for the Congo.
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Morrison, D.G., Mitchell, R.C., Paden, J.N. (1989). Zaire. In: Black Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11023-0_52
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