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Current Aspects of the Neurosciences pp 245–284Cite as

Molecular Aspects of Muscarinic Receptors

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Abstract

The effects of acetylcholine were classified by Dale (1914) into two groups: (a) the effects which were mimicked by administration of the alkaloid muscarine and selectively antagonized by atropine were termed muscarine-like or muscarinic effects; (b) the effects which were mimicked by administration of nicotine and not antagonized by atropine but blocked by other agents (for example, d-tubocurarine) were termed nicotine-like or nicotinic effects. Muscarinic effects resemble the responses to stimulation of parasympathetic nerves except those at the sweat glands and arterioles, which receive postganglionic sympathetic fibres. Muscarinic effects include contraction of the sphincter muscle of the iris (miosis) and of the ciliary muscle of the eye (for near vision), decrease in the heart rate, decrease in the contractility and shortening of the action potential in the atria, decrease in the conduction velocity of the A-V node, dilatation of the arterioles accompanied by lowering of the blood pressure, contraction of the tracheal and the bronchial muscle, increase in the motility and the tone of the stomach and the intestine, contraction of the gallbladder and the ducts, contraction of the detrussor and relaxation of the trigone and the sphincter in the urinary bladder, erection of the male sex organs, and stimulation of the secretion in the exocrine glands (nasopharyngeal glands, bronchial glands, salivary glands, stomach and intestine glands, pancreas, sweat glands and lacrimal glands).

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431–31, Japan

    Gabriel Berstein

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113, Japan

    Tatsuya Haga

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  1. Gabriel Berstein
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  1. Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, 0X26AW, Oxford, UK

    Neville N. Osborne

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Berstein, G., Haga, T. (1990). Molecular Aspects of Muscarinic Receptors. In: Osborne, N.N. (eds) Current Aspects of the Neurosciences. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10997-5_8

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