Abstract
The Lebanese crisis, erupting in April 1975, and the subsequent collapse of the Lebanese state, added another element of conflict to the protracted political and military configuration in the Middle East.
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Notes
E.E. Azar and R.F. Haddad, ‘Lebanon: an anomalous Conflict?’, Third World Quarterly, vol. 8, no. 4, October 1986, p. 1337.
On the LNM, its internal composition and external orientation, see A. al-Azmeh, ‘The Progressive Forces’, in R. Owen (ed.), Essays on the Crisis in Lebanon (London: Ithaca Press, 1976), pp. 59–73.
S. Zabian, al Haraka al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya, (Beirut: Dar al-Masira, 1977) on Jumblat’s anti-Syrian feelings, see his I Speak for Lebanon (London: Zed Press, 1982).
On the Israeli deliberations, see Y. Rabin, A Service Notebook (Hebrew), vol. 2, Tel-Aviv, 1979, pp. 502–7.
Rabin, (op. cit. in note 6) p. 503. On the US role in Lebanon, see R. W. Stookey, ‘The United States’, in P. E. Haley and L. W. Snider (eds), Lebanon in Crisis (Syracuse NY: Syracuse University Press, 1979), pp, 225–48.
R. Avi-Ran, Syrian Involvement in Lebanon (1975–1985) (Hebrew), (Tel-Aviv: Ma’arakat, 1986), pp. 77–125.
On the LF and the rise of Bashir Gemayel, see L. W. Snider, ‘The Lebanese Forces: Their Origins and Role in Lebanese Politics’, Middle East Journal, vol. 38, no. 1, 1984, pp. 1–33; on the simmering tension and actual hostilities between the LF and the Syrians, see Avi-Ran, (op. cit. in note 9), pp. 95–119, 127–37.
See an interesting though biased description in K. Pakraduni, Al-Salam al Maikud, (Beirut: Al-sharq Lilmanshurat, 1984).
On Muslim Brotherhood activities, see D. Kehat, ‘Syria’, in C. Legum, H. Shaked, D. Dishon (eds), Middle East Contemporary Survey (hereafter known as MECS) vols. 2, 3, 4, pp. 729–30, 803–8, 759–66 (respectively). On the connection between the Muslim Brotherhood and the LF in Lebanon, see N. Nasr, Faillite Syrienne Au Liban 1975–1981, vol. 2, (Beirut: Dar al-Amal, 1983), p. 541.
Z. Schiff and E. Ya’ari, A False War (Hebrew), (Tel-Aviv: Schocken, 1984), pp. 66–7.
On Soviet reservations regarding Syria’s intervention in Lebanon, see I. Kass, The Lebanon Civil War 1975–1976: A Case of Crisis Mismanagement, (Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1979), pp. 21–36.
M. A. Heller (ed.), D. Tamri, Z. Eytan, The Middle East Military Balance – 1983 (Hebrew), (Tel-Aviv: Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, 1983), pp. 174–80.
On Syrian involvement in the murder, see J.C. Randal, Going all the Way: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers, and the War in Lebanon (New York: Viking Press, 1983), p. 151; Schiff and Ya’ari, (op. cit. in note 12), p. 308.
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© 1988 International Institute for Strategic Studies
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Olmert, Y. (1988). The Lebanese Crisis: The Dangers to Security in the Mediterranean. In: O’Neill, R. (eds) Prospects for Security in the Mediterranean. International Institute for Strategic Studies conference papers. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10513-7_7
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