Abstract
Japan’s farm structure, similar to that of most other Western industrialized countries pursuing protectionist agricultural politics, is a triple one comprising:
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1.
the classical, viable ‘family-farmers’ (with a male household head of productive age engaged mainly or full-time in agriculture);
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2.
a majority of part-timers who derive their bulk of income from off-farm sources, or of ‘full-timers’ working beyond retirement age;
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3.
agro-industry pursuing capital intensive primary production at industrial scale.
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Notes
MAFF, Agriculture in Japan (Tokyo, Mar. 1986) p. 20.
Sekiya, Shunsaku, ‘Agricultural Land System in Japan’, Japanese Agricultural Review, vols 81–4, 1981, p. 15.
With annual increases of 17.2% for paddies and of 19.6% for upland farmland (all Japan) during 1960–73; price increases for farmland in urban areas with 27% p.a. predictably exceeded the national average (Kuroda, Yoshimi, ‘The Recent State of Agriculture in Japan’ in Emory N. Castle and Kenzo Hemmi (eds), United States — Japanese Agriculture Trade Relations, Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, Inc. 1982, p. 128).
MAFF, Annual Report on Agriculture — 1984 (Excerpts), Tokyo Foreign Press Center (June 1985) p. 19.
According to the OECD (1974), ‘Farm households’ are defined as those which operate farm areas of 0.1 ha, and over in the eastern part of Japan (0.05 ha and over in the western part) or those whose annual farm sales are 50,000 Yen and over despite a farm area below that level (OECD, Agricultural Policy in Japan, Paris: OECD, 1974, p. 31).
By comparison, the EC 10 average dairy herd consisted of 17.8 cows and on average 58 pigs were kept in 1985. (EC Commission, The Situation of Agriculture in the Community, Report 1986, Luxemburg, 1987 p. 298).
MAFF, ‘Agriculture in Japan’, Japan’s Agricultural Review, 13 & 14, 1986, p. 21.
MAFF, ‘Agriculture and Forestry White Papers FY 1974’, summarized in Focus Japan, July 1976, p. 3.
Ushiomi, Toshitaka, Forestry and Mountain Village Communities in Japan (Tokyo: Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai, 1968) pp. 66–70.
Horikoshi, Hisamoto, ‘The Changing Rural Landscape’, Japan Foundation Newsletter, vol. 13, no. 1, 1985, p. 4.
Shimpo, Mitsuru, Three Decades in Shiwa (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1976) p. 57.
Robert J. Smith, Kurusu. ‘the Price of Progress in a Japanese Village’ (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1978) p. 83.
MAFF, Agriculture in Japan, 1986, p. 21.
Hemmi, Kenzo, Agriculture in the 21st Century: A Japanese View (New York, NY: Philip Morris Inc., 1983) p. 6.
Hasumi, Otohiko, ‘Rural Society in Postwar Japan, Part II’, Japan Foundation Newsletter, vol. 12, no. 6, 1985, p. 6.
JETRO, Chicken Broilers, Access to Japan’s Market, no. 7, rev. ed. 1981, p. 8.
Kaminogo, Toshiaki, Bungei Shunju, Mar. 1977.
Marubeni Corporation, The Unique World of the Sogo Shosha (Tokyo, 1978) pp. 88–9.
William T. Coyle, Japan’s Feed-Lifestock Industry, Foreign Agricultural Economic Report, no. 177 (Washington DC: USDA, 1983) p. 21.
John W. Longworth, Beef in Japan (St. Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press, 1983) p. 39.
Nakao, Mitsuaki, ‘Inside the Beef Industry’, Japan Echo, vol. 11, no. 1, 1984, p. 69.
ASI Market Research Inc., A Market Study of Processed Meat in Japan (Tokyo, 1979) p. 33.
Michael W. Donnelly, Political Management of Japan’s Rice Economy, Ph.D. thesis, Columbia University, 1978, p. 66.
Matsuura, Tatsuo and Morio Morisaki, The Japanese Feed Market (Tokyo: Japan International Agricultural Council, 1985) pp. 11–12.
Kojima, Kiyoshi and Terutomo Ozawa, Japan’s General Trading Companies (Paris: OECD, 1984) p. 59.
JETRO, Wine Access to Japan’s Import Market, no. 15, Tokyo 1982, p. 4;
PA International Consulting Services Ltd, Study on EC Wine and Liquor Exports to Japan, vol. I (Tokyo: Report for the EC Commission. 1985) p. 95.
JETRO, Agricultural Machinery, Access to Japan’s Import Market, no. 3, 1979, p. 7.
Richard K. Beardsley, John W. Hall and Robert E. Ward, Village Japan (Chicago University Press, 1972) p. 126.
Fukutake, Tadashi, Rural Society in Japan (Tokyo University Press, 1980) p. 201.
Ushiomi, Toshitaka, La Communauté rurale au Japon (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1962) p. ix.
Gail Lee Bernstein, Haruko’s World: a Japanese Farm Woman and Her Community (Stanford University Press, 1983) p. 169.
Agricultural Policy Council, On the Implementation of the Basic Direction of Agricultural Policy in the 1980s’, Japan Agricultural Review, 7 and 8, 1983, p. 30.
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© 1989 Dr Albrecht Rothacher
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Rothacher, A. (1989). Social and Economic Change in Japan’s Post-War Agriculture. In: Japan’s Agro-Food Sector. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10303-4_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10303-4_3
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