Abstract
In a commemorative article on Zhou Enlai’s work in foreign affairs, the Theoretical Study Group of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs noted the following: ‘He trained a revolutionary diplomatic contingent. He created and developed a proletarian style of diplomacy for New China.’1 In fact Zhou, himself, described the building process of the early 1950s in terms of ‘building a new kitchen’ (ling qi luzao).2
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Notes and References
Percy and Lucy Fang, Zhou Enlai — A Profile, (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1986) p. 110
For Wang Bingnan’s career details refer to ‘Biographies of CPAFFC Leaders’, Voice of Friendship (Beijing) no. 3, February 1984, p. 24, and Anne B. Clark and Donald W. Klein, Biographic Dictionary of Chinese Communism, 1921–65, (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971) pp. 920–3.
Donald Klein, ‘The Management of Foreign Affairs in Communist China’, in John Lindbeck (ed.) China: Management of a Revolutionary Society (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1971) p. 310.
Michael Yahuda, ‘The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China’ in Zare Steiner (ed.) The Times Survey of Foreign Ministries of the World (London: Times Books, 1982) p. 155.
For a summary of these ‘wrong’ views refer to Hai Fu (ed.) Wei shenme yibiandao? (Why leaning to one side?) (Beijing: Shijie zhishi chubanshe) May 1951, p. 1.
Stuart R. Schram (ed.) Mao Tse-tung Unrehearsed (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1974) pp. 102–3.
John Gittings, The World and China 1922–1972 (London: Eyre Methuen, 1974) p. 153.
Melvin Gurtov and Byong-Moo Hwang, China Under Threat (Baltimore & London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980) p. 45.
Text in Norman Graebner, Cold War Diplomacy (Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand Co., 1962) p. 161.
Peter Calvocoressi (for Royal Institute of International Affairs), Survey of International Affairs 1949–1950 (London: Oxford University Press, 1954) p. 346.
See Karunakar Gupta on the conflicting theories on the origins of the Korean conflict, in ‘How Did the Korean War Begin’, CQ, no. 52, October–December, 1972, p. 713. Also refer to Robert Simmons, Strained Alliance: Peking, Pyongyang, Moscow and the Politics of the Korean Civil War (New York: The Free Press) 1975.
Phraseology from Zhou’s speech of 1 October 1950. See Dick Wilson, Zhou Enlai: A Biography (New York: Viking Penguin, 1984) p. 188.
On the devaluation of Zhou’s warning by US intelligence see James F. Schnabel, US Army in the Korean War. Policy and Direction: The First Year (Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of Military History, US Army, 1972) p. 198.
Robert Ferrell, Off the Record: Private Papers of Harry S. Truman (New York: Harper & Row, 1980).
Zhou Enlai, The First Year of People’s China (Bombay: People’s Publishing House, c. 1950) pp. 13–14.
See the analysis of Chihiro Hosoya, ‘Japan, China, the United States, and the United Kingdom’, International Affairs, vol. 60, no. 2, spring, 1984, pp. 251
Stuart R. Schram (ed.) The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung, (New York: Praeger, revised and enlarged, 1969) p. 429.
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© 1989 Ronald C. Keith
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Keith, R.C. (1989). Establishing the Foreign Ministry in the Cold War. In: The Diplomacy of Zhou Enlai. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09890-3_3
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