Abstract
This chapter deals with Robbins’s writings on economic welfare. Robbins, it emerges, was a Utilitarian in the tradition stemming from Bentham and transmitted by, in particular, Jevons. From this Utilitarian base, coupled with a fundamental appreciation of the market and a crucial stress on the importance of liberty, Robbins dealt with matters of equality, State intervention, redistribution, taxation, socialism, competition and economic growth. It should already be clear from Chapter 3 that Robbins’s methodological position did not involve the proposition that economists should abstain from comment on policy matters. Examination of his discussions concerning economic welfare should help to make this even more clear.
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Notes and References
(1938c) p. 635.
(1965a); (1963b).
(1970b) p. 80; see also (1963b); (1965a) pp. 11–12; (1966b) p. 15.
(1963a) p. 15; (1981) p. xxii. See also (1953b) p. 109.
(1970b) p. 81; (1965) p. 12. See also (1979d) p. 684. As one of his critics noted, there were differences between the Utilitarianism of Robbins’s various historical sources which he did not explore. Macfie (1953).
(1976a) pp. 2–3; (1963a) pp. 20–1; (1981) p. xxii. See (1979d) p. 683 for his aversion to Pareto optimality.
(1953b) p. 110; (1981) pp. xxiii–xxiv.
(1947c) pp. 8, 22.
(1947c) pp. 44–6, 50. See also note 125 below, and Hayek (1935), (1940).
(1935a) p. 16; (1971a) p. 146.
On the relation between the ends/means distinction and the economist as technocrat see Blaug (1980) p. 149. For insight into Robbins’s leadership of the Economic Section I am indebted to an unpublished paper by J. D. Gribbin (1977b).
(1947c) p. 5.
(1947c) p. 7.
(1947c) pp. 41–2.
(1947c) p. 44; (1954) pp. 201–25.
(1954) p. 210.
(1947c) p. 53.
(1954) p. 213.
(1947c) p. 54.
(1954) pp. 203–4.
(1954) pp. 216–17.
(1954) p. 218.
(1976a) pp. 125–7.
(1963a) p. 37.
(1947c) pp. 12–14.
(1947c) p. 15.
‘I hold that there is an essential arrogance — a sin of pride if you wish — in believing that we are so competent to decide for others the way of life they should follow that we should wish to assume to ourselves compulsory powers of control.’ (1947c) p. 18.
(1976a) p. 17.
(1976a) p. 18; (1947c) p. 18.
(1963a) pp. 29–30; (1966a) p. 16; (1976a) p. 175; (1977a) p. 8.
(1935a) pp. 143–4.
(1965a) p. 13.
(1976a) pp. 190–2.
(1976a) pp. 14–15, 17.
(1947c) p. 21; (1976a) p. 21.
(1968c) p. 71. See also (1940c).
(1966b) pp. 14, 33.
(1971b) pp. 352–3.
(1963a) pp. 93–4; (1976a) pp. 180–1.
(1972a) p. 25: ‘Inflations of a greater order of magnitude are not only incompatible with orderly economic arrangements but also are incompatible with political democracy and the decency and culture which go with it.’
(1963a) p. 38; (1977a) p. 21; (1976a) pp. 28, 173–5; (1937b) pp. 221–4.
(1963a) p. 93.
(1938c) pp. 635, 637; (1970d) p. 423.
(1963a) pp. 77–81.
(1963a) pp. 73–90.
(1963a) pp. 45–7, 74–6; (1976a) p. 108; (1977a) p. 12.
(1963a) pp. 76–7; (1976a) p. 109; (1977a) pp. 13–14.
(1977a) p. 15.
(1963a) pp. 77–81.
(1976a) p. 116.
(1976a) pp. 141–2.
(1955b) pp. 16–18.
(1963a) pp. 77–81.
(1963a) p. 47.
(1963a) p. 80; (1937b) pp. 266–8.
(1963a) p. 80.
(1963a) p. 81.
(1955b) p. 9.
(1976a) p. 110.
(1955b) p. 10.
(1955b) pp. 13–15.
(1955b) p. 18.
(1955b) p. 14.
(1955b) p. 14; (1977a) p. 21; (1963a) pp. 63–4, 87; (1976a) p. 117; see also (1939a) pp. 23–4.
(1955b) pp. 14–15.
(1963a) pp. 94–5.
(1963a) p. 9; (1976a) p. 6; (1947c) p. 83; (1935a) pp. 143–4.
(1976a) p. 8.
(1977a) p. 8.
(1939a) p. 6.
(1966b) p. 134.
(1971b) p. 253.
(1937b) pp. 223–32.
(1963a) pp. 34–6; (1979d) p. 684.
(1976a) pp. 12–14.
(1976a) pp. 42–6.
(1963a) p. 81.
(1963a) p. 109.
(1976a) pp. 119–34 at p. 120; see also ibid. p. 136.
(1939a) p. 275.
(1963a) pp. 42–3. Robbins was of course particularly concerned with the importance of State patronage in the arts — see (1963a) pp. 53–72.
(1976a) pp. 7–8.
(1937b) pp. 230–2.
(1934d) p. 191.
(1965a) pp. 6–7.
(1976a) p. 134.
(1947c) p. 11.
(1976a) p. 136.
(1976a) p. 180.
(1976a) pp. 176–8.
(1947c) pp. 22–3.
(1947c) pp. 25–6.
(1976a) pp. 178–9.
(1976a) pp. 176–80.
(1976a) p. 179. The objection to simple majority decision was the disregarding of minority preferences. See also (1979c).
(1976a) p. 110; see also (1966b) p. 103.
(1925/6) p. 88.
(1976a) pp. 103–7.
(1966b) p. 136; (1949b) p. 15; (1979a) pp. 31–2.
(1935a) pp. 136–8, 150–1; (1979a) pp. 31–2.
(1935a) p. 141; (1953b) pp. 108–9. See also Robertson (1955).
(1935a) pp. 58–9.
(1963a) p. 22.
(1930c).
(1976a) pp. 110, 115–16.
(1963a) pp. 105 (citing Smith), 109.
(1963a) pp. 81–3.
(1963a) pp. 88–90; (1955b) pp. 10–12.
(1974b) pp. 10–11.
(1963a) p. 85; (1976a) p. 116; (1974b) pp. 10–11; (1979a) p. 32.
(1974b) pp. 10–12.
(1955b) p. 8.
(1963a) pp. 84–5.
(1939a) p. 267n.
(1976a) p. 146.
(1971a) pp. 191–2.
(1947c) p. 80; (1963a) p. 104.
(1963a) p. 40. See also (1940c) p. 95 and ibid. p. 96: ‘One feels that one is listening in to the gibber of a collection of robots wound up by the village imbecile. Talk about the “opium of the people …”.’
(1939a) pp. 185–7.
(1947c) pp. 77–8.
(1939a) p. 189.
(1963a) p. 38.
(1939a) p. 192. Robbins believed that Stalin was the natural outcome of collectivism — (1940c) p. 96.
(1939a) pp. 194–202.
(1934d) pp. 148–56; (1935a) pp. 17–18; Mises (1932) especially pp. 86–138.
(1976a) pp. 142–5.
(1947c) pp. 22–3; (1966c) pp. 28–9.
(1934d) p. 146. See also (1935d) p. 92.
(1934d) pp. 146–7.
(1934d) pp. 148–56.
(1937b) pp. 194–205.
(1937b) pp. 205–18.
(1937b) pp. 130–4.
(1937b) pp. 141–54.
(1976a) pp. 146–50; (1971a) pp. 55–6, 61–2, 64, 67.
(1976a) pp. 146–9.
(1976a) p. 150.
(1976a) pp. 29–31.
(1939a) pp. 27–8.
(1963a) p. 107.
(1976a) pp. 111–13; (1947a) p. 28; (1974b) pp. 23–5.
(1947c) pp. 9–10.
(1974b) pp. 13–14.
(1966c) pp. 28–9; (1976a) pp. 137–8.
(1976a) pp. 137–8. However Robbins does not make explicit reference to Hayek’s book.
(1939a) p. 43.
(1943) p. 14.
(1976a) pp. 55–8.
(1943) p. 14; (1939c) pp. 424–5; (1937b) pp. 144–54.
(1939a) p. 44; see also ibid. pp. 29–32, 157.
(1939a) p. 35.
(1939a) pp. 36–7.
(1934d) pp. 130–45.
(1934d) p. 142.
(1939a) p. 38.
(1939a) pp. 136, 173–9; (1934g).
(1939a) pp. 41–2.
(1939a) p. 43.
(1939a) pp. 176–7; see also ibid. p. 79–80n; (1934g); (1976a) pp. 49–51.
(1947c) p. 80.
(1939a) pp. 45–80; (1939b) p. 43n; (1976a) p. 48; (1943); (1937b) pp. 154–7.
(1947c) p. 75.
(1939a) pp. 51, 135–6; (1934h).
(1939a) pp. 63–76.
(1937b) pp. 154–7.
(1934) p. 139.
(1953a) pp. 20–1. This presumably derived from Robbins’s wartime experiences.
(1939a) pp. 41–2.
(1939a) p. 42n.
(1943).
(1943); (1976a) pp. 53–5, 57–8,113–14, 137–8; (1947c) pp. 83–4; Gribbin (1977a) is illuminating on the ambitions of the trade associations to control the economy, and Gribbin (1985) shows Robbins’s strong support for G. C. Allen’s insistence on the need to control monopoly and promote competition.
(1973b) pp. 83–4.
(1976a) pp. 58–62, 113–14; (1974b) pp. 14–17; (1971a) p. 231; (1934d) p. 188.
See also (1971b) p. 214.
(1976a) pp. 103–7; (1966b) p. 137.
(1966b) p. 22.
(1972b) p. 3.
(1972b) pp. 11–13. His willingness to use hypothetical compensation here probably springs from his acceptance of Kaldor’s distinction between a change in productive power and its distributive consequences — (1953b) p. 110; Kaldor (1939).
(1972b) pp. 23–4.
(1966b) pp. 104–5; (1980a) p. 8.
(1947c) pp. 18–22; (1976a) pp. 19–20.
(1976a) pp. 38–9; (1972b) p. 18; see also (1935a) pp. 133–4.
(1972b) pp. 16–17.
(1932c) pp. 167–9.
(1972b) pp. 20–1.
(1927b).
(1970b) p. 232.
(1929b) pp. 74–5.
(1929b) p. 74; see also (1925/6) p. 85, and compare (1939d) pp. 289–91. Robbins later admitted to having been, in the 1930s, a victim of the ‘delusion, so fashionable’ at that time of a prospective fall in the population. (1970b) p. 188n.
(1965a) pp. 14–15; (1966b) p. 121; (1969) p. 443; (1980b).
(1976a) p. 107; (1965a) pp. 14–15; Pimlott p. 136.
(1971a) p. 158.
(1931a) especially pp. 49–50.
(1939a) p. 81–106, 207; (1977a) pp. 10–11.
(1939a) p. 210.
(1939a) pp. 81–106; see also Chapter 9 in this book.
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© 1988 D. P. O’Brien
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O’Brien, D.P. (1988). Economic Welfare. In: Lionel Robbins. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09683-1_5
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