Abstract
The main purpose of this chapter is to summarize, integrate and extend several of the themes developed in previous chapters. More specifically, the analysis below attempts to throw additional light on the defence-growth controversy through integrating two main bodies of literature: that pertaining to the impact of defence expenditures on overall economic growth, and that pertaining to the types of budgetary trade-offs said to confront decision makers in developing countries; that is, the choice between defence and socio-economic expenditures.
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Notes and References
These studies, their assumptions, results and limitations are all summarized in an excellent survey edited by Steve Chan in his ‘The Impact of Defense Spending on Economic Performance: A Survey of Evidence and Problems’, Orbis (Summer 1985), pp. 403–34. A notable exception is given in Saader Deger and S. Sen, ‘Military Expenditure, Spinoff and Economic Development’, Journal of Development Economics (August–October 1983) pp. 67–83.
Emile Benoit, ‘Growth and Defense in Developing Countries’, Economic Development and Cultural Change (January 1978) pp. 271–80.
Peter C. Frederiksen and Robert E. Looney, ‘Defense Expenditures and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Some Further Empirical Evidence’, Journal of Economic Development (July 1982), pp. 113–26; P. C. Frederiksen and R. E. Looney, ‘Defense Expenditures and Economic Growth in Developing Countries’, Armed Forces and Society (Summer 1983), pp. 633–45; and R. E. Looney and P. C. Frederiksen, ‘Defense Expenditures, External Public Debt and Growth in Developing Countries’, Journal of Peace Research (December 1986) pp. 329–38.
Joel Verner, ‘Budgetary Trade-off Between Education and Defense in Latin America: A Research Note’, The Journal of Developing Areas (October 1983), p. 78.
Kathleen Peroff and Margaret Podolak-Warren, ‘Does Spending on Defence Cut Spending on Health? A Time Series Analysis of the U.S. Economy, 1929–74’, British Journal of Political Science (January 1979), p. 22.
Margaret Daly Hayes, ‘Policy Consequences of Military Participation in Politics: An Analysis of Tradeoffs in Brazilian Federal Expenditures’, in Craig Liske, William Loehr and John McCamant (eds), Comparative Public Policy (New York: Winter, 1976), pp. 21–52.
United Nations, Secretary General, Economic and Social Consequences of the Arms Race and Military Expenditures (U.N. Document No. A/8469/Revl, 1971), pp. 19–29.
Shuja Nawaz, ‘Economic Impact of Defense Expenditures’, Finance and Development (March 1983), pp. 34–5.
Hayes, ‘Policy Consequences of Military Participation’.
Ibid., pp. 35, 48–50.
Barry Ames and Ed Goff, ‘Education and Defense Expenditures in Latin America: 1948–1965’, in Craig Liske, William Loehr and John McCamant (eds), Comparative Public Policy, pp. 175–98.
Ibid., pp. 179–80.
For a recent detailed survey of the other major studies in this area, see Joel Verner, ‘Budgetary Tradeoffs Between Education and Defense in Latin America’, Journal of Developing Areas (October 1983), pp. 77–91.
Budgetary data were taken from the International Monetary Fund, Government Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1983 (Washington: IMF, 1983).
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© 1988 Robert E. Looney
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Looney, R.E. (1988). Budgetary Impacts of Third-World Arms Production. In: Third-World Military Expenditure and Arms Production. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09658-9_5
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