Abstract
It is altogether appropriate that the term rhetoric, which in one of its aspects refers to the study of grammatical ambiguities,’ should itself bear a diversity of meanings. In its most ancient definition it was quite simply and diffusely the study of all forms of public speech. The subsequent history of rhetoric, however, to which I will return below, was one of reduction, restriction and quite frequently disparagement. The most common modern acceptations of the term are pejorative or poetic and bear little trace of the discipline which was originally to have charted the interrelations of language and power. Ordinary usage now defines rhetoric as the specious, bombastic or deceitful use of language; rhetoric, in other words, is the abuse of language; while within the scholarly division of disciplines it generally fares little better as the study of linguistic forms or devices, located at the level of the word and divorced from any serious consideration of their content or use. At the risk of oversimplifying, rhetoric may plausibly be referred either to a pre-scientific theory of ideology or to a formalistic aesthetics.
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Notes and References
The definition is that of P. de Man, Allegories of Reading (New Haven, Conn,: Yale University Press, 1979 ) p. 10.
C. Sumner, Reading Ideologies ( London: Academic Press, 1979 ) p. 270.
Cf. for instance, G. Kalinowski, Introduction à la logique Juridique ( Paris: P.U.F., 1965 );
B. S. Jackson, Semiotics and Legal Theory ( London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985 );
R. Kevelson, The Law as a System of Signs ( New York: Plenum, 1986 ).
See, for example, A. Blum, Theorizing ( London: Heinemann, 1974 ) pp. 170–3.
For a very concise analysis of this aspect of persuasion, cf. T. Todorov, Theories of the Symbol (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1982) chapter 2.
St Augustine, On Christian Doctrine (Indianapolis: Liberal Arts Press, 1958) p. 216 (ed. Robertson).
J. J. Rousseau, Essai sur l’origine des langues (Paris: 1761 ) pp. 72–3.
Plato, Collected Dialogues (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1978) Gorgias 459 c-d.
On which metaphors, cf. J. Derrida, ‘The White Mythology: Metaphor in the text of Philosophy’ (1974) VII, New Literary History pp. 5–74.
M. Pêcheux, Language, Semantics and Ideology ( London: Macmillan, 1982 ) p. 40.
J. Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979) p. 508 (Bk. III. X. 34). Ed. P. H. Nidditch.
I. Kant, The Critique of Judgment, Part I (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1952 ) p. 53.
I. Kant, Critique of Pure Reason (London: 1887) pp. xvii-xxiv.
F. Nietzsche, Early Greek Philosophy and other Essays ( Edinburgh: T. N. Foulis, 1908 ) p. 180.
See, for example, A. J. Greimas, Sémiotique et Sciences Sociales ( Paris: Editions Seuil, 1976 ).
See, for example, Group U, Rhétorique Générale (Paris: Editions Seuil, 1982 ).
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© 1987 Peter Goodrich
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Goodrich, P. (1987). Rhetoric as Jurisprudence. In: Legal Discourse. Language, Discourse, Society . Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08818-8_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08818-8_5
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