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The UN, UNESCO and the Politics of Knowledge pp 114–127Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

The Postwar UNESCO Debate on Regulation of Education

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Abstract

As was shown in Chapter 3, promotion of international understanding as a means to peace, and the improvement of education to that end, were regarded by UNESCO’s founders as central to the new Agency’s tasks; and ‘education for international understanding’ was in fact to serve as the guiding framework for a number of UNESCO-wide projects.

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References

  1. For attendance records, see UNESCO 1 C/Proceedings, pp. 7–10; 2 C/Proceedings, pp. 7–12; 3 C/Proceedings, pp. 7–12; 4 C/Proceedings, pp. 9–14; 5 C/Proceedings, pp. 9–15; and 6 C/Proceedings, pp. 11–17.

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  2. E.g. Armstrong, ‘The Soviet Attitude toward UNESCO’ and Dexter ‘Yardstick for UNESCO’, op. cit.

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  3. For elections to the Executive Board for the first term and debate thereon, see UNESCO 1 C/Proceedings, pp. 66–8.

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  4. UNESCO 2 C/Proceedings, pp. 347 and 483.

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  5. Doc. ECO/CONF./29 (1946) p. 50.

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  6. Ibid., p.60.

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  7. Ibid., pp.31 and 103–4.

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  8. Doc. UNESCO/Prep.Comm./5th sess./PV 7(1) (7 July 1946) p. 4.

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  9. ‘CAME proposals’ in Doc. ECO/CONF./29 (1946) p. 1, Art. II, paras. 3–4.

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  10. See ‘French proposals’ in Doc. ECO/CONF./29 (1946) p. 6.

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  11. Doc. ECO/CONF./29, p. 100.

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  12. Doc. ECO/CONF./Com.I/18 in Doc. ECO/CONF./29, pp. 107–8; and summary of meeting, Doc. ECO/CONF./29, p. 101.

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  13. Compare ‘CAME proposals’ op. cit. (no explicit mention of domestic jurisdiction) and ‘French proposals’ op. cit., Art. 1 para. 2, with UNESCO Constitution, op. cit., Art. I para. 3.

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  14. UNESCO 1 C/Proceedings, p. 152.

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  15. Ibid., and p. 55

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  16. Ibid., p. 152

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  17. UNESCO 2 C/Proceedings, pp. 59, 110 and 438–4; 3 C/Proceedings, pp. 249, 254 and 311–16; and 4 C/Proceedings, esp. p. 275.

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  18. UNESCO 1 C/Proceedings, p. 152.

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  19. See Shuster, UNESCO: Assessment and Promise, op. cit., pp. 71–2.1 am grateful to Mr Behrstock, former US official of UNESCO, for insights on this point.

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  20. See exchange of letters between Senator Benton and Luther Evans, cited in Laves & Thomson, UNESCO: Purpose, Progress, Prospects, op. cit., p.230.

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  21. UNESCO 1 C/Proceedings, p. 152.

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  22. Ibid., p. 153.

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  23. Ibid.

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  24. Ibid.

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  25. UNESCO 1 C/Proceedings p. 224: Annex I, Section III, para. 3.

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  26. Ibid., Section III, para. 9.

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  27. Ibid., p.221.

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  28. E.g. UNESCO 2 C/Proceedings, pp. 60, 84, 89–90 and 103; and 4 C/Proceedings, p. 64.

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  29. See UNESCO 1 C/Proceedings, pp. 271–2.

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  30. UNESCO 5 C/Proceedings, esp. 350; and 6 C/Proceedings, p. 284.

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  31. UNESCO 3 C/Res. 2.3 of 11 December 1948 (UNESCO 3 C/Resolutions at 18) and 4 C/Res. 2.3 of 5 October 1949 (UNESCO 4 C/Resolutions at 15).

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  32. UNESCO 6 C/Res. 1.316 of 10 July 1951 (UNESCO 6 C/Resolutions at 20).

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  33. UNESCO 7 C/Res. 1.331 of 11 December 1952 (UNESCO 7 C/Resolutions at 20).

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  34. Handbook for the Improvement of Textbooks and Teaching Materials (Paris: UNESCO, Publication No. 368, 1949).

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  35. UNESCO Doc. 4 C/3 (1949) p. 36.

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  36. UNESCO 5 C/Res. 1.324 of 17 June 1950 (UNESCO 5 C/Resolutions) and 6 C/Res. 1.315 of 10 July 1951 (UNESCO 6 C/Resolutions at 20).

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  37. See e.g. UNESCO series Towards World Understanding (1949–52);

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  38. and Cyril Bibby, Race, Prejudice and Education (Paris: UNESCO, 1959).

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  39. UNESCO Doc. 2 C/102 (13 November 1947).

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  40. Ibid., p. 2, last paragraph.

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  41. UNESCO 2 C/Proceedings, pp. 483–4.

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  42. UNESCO Doc. 2 C/109 (19 November 1947).

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  43. Ibid., para. 1 ; and UNESCO 2 C/Res. 3.13 (UNESCO 2 C/Resolutions at 21). For debates see UNESCO 2 C/Proceedings, pp. 483–5.

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  44. UNESCO Doc. EX/4CP/SR.3 (27 April 1948) pp. 17–18.

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  45. Ibid.

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  46. UNESCO 3 C/Res. 2.514 of 11 December 1948 (UNESCO 3 C/Resolutions at 19).

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  47. See Memo. IU/105 of 19 May 1949 from C. E. Beeby to Director-General, UNESCO C.R. File 327.6.371.214A 182/064 (44) “49”.

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  48. UNESCO Docs. 4 C/5 (1949) and 4 C/Res. 2.513 of 5 October 1949 (UNESCO 4 C/Resolutions at 16).

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  49. For Minutes of the meeting, see UNESCO Doc. 19 EX/12 (1950).

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  50. Ibid., p. 2.

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  51. Ibid., pp. 6–7, Section XI.

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  52. For text, ibid., pp. 8–12.

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  53. See letter ED 136.632 of 3 January 1950 from W. Laves to I. Kabbany Bey, Chairman of the expert meeting, UNESCO C.R. File cited in note 46 above.

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  54. See revised text in UNESCO Doc. 6 C/PRG/6 (1951) Part I, paras 1–2.

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  55. UNESCO Docs. 19 EX/SR.24 (25 February 1950) p. 9, and 19 EX/Dec. 5(g) (i) of same date.

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  56. For text of replies, see UNESCO Doc. 6 C/PRG/6 (1951).

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  57. Ibid.

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  58. Ibid., p.3.

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  59. Letter ref. U.N.7 (7)/11 of 7 October 1949 from UK National Commission for UNESCO to the Director-General, in UNESCO File cited in note 46 above.

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  60. On this point see Thomas Buergenthal and Judith Torney, International Human Rights and International Education (Washington, D.C.: Dept of State, 1976), ch. 5.

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  61. UNESCO Doc. 6. C/PRG/6 (1951) p. 7, last para. For debate in Programme Committee of the Executive Board, see UNESCO Doc. 25 EX/CP/SR.1 and 2 (19–20 January 1951).

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  62. UNESCO Doc. 6 C/1/Rev. Annex I (1951) p. 4: item 8.7.1.3.

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  63. UNESCO 6 C/Proceedings, p. 284 paras 9–11.1 am grateful to Mr Guiton, former official of the UNESCO Education Sector, for information provided during interview in November 1978.

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  64. For relevant UNESCO file, see note 46 above.

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  65. See UNESCO Doc. Cons.Exec./S.R.6 (9 December 1946) p. 7.

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  66. E.g. John Gimbel, A German Community under American Occupation (Stanford University Press, 1961) ch.13;

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  67. and Harold Zink, The US in Germany, 1944–1945 (Princeton, N.J.: van Nostrand, 1957) ch.13.

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  68. See UNESCO Docs. 6 EX/19 (1948) and 6 EX/SR.8 rev. (15 February 1948) pp. 2–6; 7 EX/5 (1948) and 7 EX/SR.2 to 4 rev. (2–4 April 1948); 10 EX/SR.2 prov. (14 September 1948) pp. 2–15; EX/5CP/SR.1 and 2 (16 September 1948) pp. 4–7 and 1–17 resp.; 11 EX/14 (1948) and 11 EX/SR.2 and 3 rev. (13–14 October 1948) pp. 3–7 and 2–18 resp. ; and 16 EX/SR.11 rev. (15 June 1949) pp. 3–11.

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  69. See UNESCO Docs. 2 C/87 and 2 C/104 and Annex (1947); 2 C/Proceedings, pp. 171–6, 193–6 and 599–600; 3 C/Proceedings, pp. 415–6; and 4 C/Proceedings, pp. 185–201 and 413–8.

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  70. E.g. Records of the UNESCO Preparatory Commission, Education Committee, meetings of 24–5 May 1946, pp. 21 and 25 and pp. 3–4 resp; UNESCO Docs. 2 C/C2/9 (1947); 2 C/Proceedings, p. 599; 6 EX/SR.8 rev. (1948) statement by Mr Stoddard, p. 3; and 7 EX/SR.2 rev. (1948), statements by Messrs Hardman & Holland, pp. 7–8.

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  71. UNESCO 2 C/Proceedings, p. 599; and Docs. 6 EX/SR.8 rev (1948) p. 2 and 16 EX/SR.11 rev. (1949), statement by Mr Birecki (Poland) p. 5.

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  72. UNESCO Doc. 6 EX/SR.8 rev. (1948), statements by Messrs Birecki (Poland) and Opocensky (Czechoslovakia), pp. 3–4.

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  73. E.g. UNESCO 2 C/Proceedings, statement by Czechoslovakia, p. 196; 4 C/Proceedings, pp. 413–7; and UNESCO Docs. 7 EX/SR.2 & 4 rev. (1948), statements by Mr Birecki (Poland), pp. 4–6 and p. 4 resp.; EX/4CP/SR.4 (27 April 1948), statement by Mr Birecki, p. 15; 11 EX/SR.3 rev. (1948) statement by Prof. Arnold (Poland), p. 3; EX/5CP/SR.1 rev. (1948), statement by Mr Birecki, pp. 5–6; and 16 EX/23 (1949) Ann. III, statement by Mr Mencel (Poland), pp. 4–5.

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  74. Laves & Thomson, UNESCO: Purpose, Progress, Prospects, op. cit., p.237.

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  75. See UNESCO 2 C/Proceedings, p. 599; and UNESCO Docs. 6 EX/SR.8 rev. (1948), statements by Messrs Stoddard, Cowell and Seydoux, p. 3, and by Director-General, p. 4; 7 EX/SR.2 rev. (1948), statements by Messrs Laves, Hardman, Holland and Huxley, pp. 2–3, 7–8 and 9–10; 11 EX/SR.2 rev. (1948), statement by Sir John Maud, p. 5 and 16 EX/SR.11 rev. (1948) statement by Mr de Blonay, p. 6.

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  76. See UNESCO Docs 9 EX/13 (1948) and 10 EX/SR.2 (prov.) (14 September 1948).

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  77. See UNESCO Doc. 11 EX/15 (1948) p. 5.

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  78. For programme resolutions, see UNESCO Docs 2 C/Res. IX. Ann. VII(6) of 3 December 1947 (UNESCO 2 C/Resolutions at 55); 7 EX/17 (1948); EX/CP/SC.1/3 (1948); 3 C/Res. XI Ann.V (I and II) of 6 December 1948 (UNESCO 3 C/Resolutions at 63); and 4 C/Res. 35 to 35.39 of 4 October 1949 (UNESCO 4 C/Resolutions at 75).

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  79. See e.g. UNESCO Docs. 10 EX/SR.2 (prov.) pp. 6–7; and 11 EX/SR.3 rev. (1948) pp. 6–7.

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  80. As note 76 above.

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  81. Ibid.

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© 1987 Clare Wells

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Wells, C. (1987). The Postwar UNESCO Debate on Regulation of Education. In: The UN, UNESCO and the Politics of Knowledge. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08409-8_6

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