Abstract
The breakdown of the Summit Meeting in 1960 produced a position of immobilism in Soviet-Western relations. The Summit failure coupled with the forthcoming Presidential Elections in America, meant that leading administration officials turned their attention in 1960 to tasks other than nuclear arms control.1
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Notes and References
See, for example, George Kistiakowski, A Scientist at the White House (Cambridge, Mass., 1977) p. 378.
A. M. Schlesinger, A Thousand Days (Boston, 1965) p. 452; Wright, p. 120; Interview material.
Schlesinger, p. 453. On Kennedy’s attitude to nuclear weapons and a test ban, see William Kaufmann, The McNamara Strategy (London, 1964) pp. 40–44.
Eisenhower reportedly told President-elect Kennedy that he favoured test resumption, G. T. Seaborg, Kennedy, Khruschev and the Test Ban (Berkeley, 1981) p. 25.
None the less in the wider framework of defence policy, the Kennedy Administration quickly sought to effect changes: to emphasise greater reliance on conventional forces and more survivable strategic nuclear forces. See, for example, W. Kaufman, The McNamara Strategy (New York, 1964).
A. C. Enthoven, and K. Wayne Smith, How Much is Enough? Shaping the Defence Programme, 1961–69 (New York, 1971).
Interview material. Schlesinger, pp. 430–3; Macmillan, At the End of the Day, pp. 153, 145–6; A. Sampson, Macmillan: A Study in Ambiguity (London, 1968) pp. 224–5.
Documents on Disarmament ACDA, 1962, pp. 991–5. On Soviet attitudes see L. P. Bloomfield, W. C. Clemens, and F. Griffiths, Khruschev and the Arms Race: Soviet Interests in Arms Control and Disarmament 1954–64 (Cambridge, 1966).
Hailsham, Rt Hon. The Lord, The Door Wherein I Went (London, 1978), p. 215.
L. W. Martin, British Defence Policy: The Long Recessional, Adelphi Paper 61 (London, 1969) pp. 1–2.
R. Ranger, Arms and Politics 1958–78 (Toronto, 1979) p. 63.
US ACDA, Documents on Disarmament 1963, Washington, D.C., GPO, 1964, p. 220.
H. B. Moulton, From Superiority to Parity (Westport, Conn., 1973) pp. 129–30.
Interview material; W. A. Harriman, America and Russia in a Changing World (London, 1971) p. 95.
E. Sorenson, Kennedy (New York, 1965) p. 736.
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© 1986 J. P. G. Freeman
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Freeman, J.P.G. (1986). Macmillan and Kennedy: The Test-ban Negotiations, 1960–3. In: Britain’s Nuclear Arms Control Policy in the Context of Anglo-American Relations, 1957–68. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07807-3_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07807-3_5
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