Abstract
Interdependence is the convenient slogan commonly employed today to explain and justify Britain’s external policies — economic, military and political — the euphemism that masks the reality of dependence and of the progressive, if still partial, surrender of British sovereignty.
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Notes and References
Thomas Babington Macaulay, Frederic the Great (Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1855) pp. 30–1.
Lyon Playfair, Subjects of Social Welfare (Cassell, 1889) p. 307. Lyon Playfair, a Scot, was Edinburgh Professor of Chemistry, a protégé of the Prince Consort, a constant gadfly, a MP, a Minister and ultimately a Peer (1818–98).
Sir Robert Ensor, England 1870–1914 (Oxford University Press, 1936) p. 106.
Ibid., p. 227, and Andrew Shonfield, British Economic Policy Since the War (Penguin, 1958) p. 255.
Playfair, op. cit., p. 141.
Ibid., p. 283.
R. F. Harrod, The Life of John Maynard Keynes (Macmillan, 1951) pp. 426–30.
John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (Macmillan, 1919) p. 238.
Ian H. Nish, The Anglo-Japanese Alliance (Athlone Press, 1966) p. 221.
A. J. P. Taylor, English History 1914–1945 (Pelican, 1970) p. 221.
Harold Nicolson, King George V (Constable, 1952) p. 463.
Radio broadcast of 9 February 1941.
Margaret Gowing, Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy 1945–1952, vol. I: Policy Making (Macmillan, 1974) p. 185.
These undertakings, as described to Parliament by Mr Heseltine on 1 February 1983, are not, in any case, of a particularly impressive character. President Truman reaffirmed in 1952 ‘the understanding that the use of these bases in an emergency would be a matter for joint decision of Her Majesty’s Government and the United States Government in the light of circumstances at the time’ (The Times, 2 February 1983).
Michael M. Harrison, The Reluctant Ally: France and Atlantic Security (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981) p. 179.
Defence in the 1980s: Statement on the Defence Estimates 1980, vol. I (HMSO) Cmnd 7826-I, p. 9.
Ibid., p. 32.
Captain John O. Coote RN, ‘Send Her Victorious’, United States Naval Institute Proceedings, January 1983.
James Cable, The Royal Navy and the Siege of Bilbao (Cambridge University Press, 1979) p. 180.
M. W. Kirby, The Decline of British Economic Power Since 1870 (George Allen and Unwin, 1981) p. 136.
Magnus Clarke, The Nuclear Destruction of Britain (Croom Helm, 1982) passim.
Bernard Ledwidge, De Gaulle (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1982) p. 227.
Ibid., p. 383.
The United Kingdom and the European Communities (HMSO, July 1971) Cmnd 4715, para. 56.
Compiled from the relevant tables in Economic Trends — Annual Supplement 1982 (Central Statistical Office, HSMO, 1982).
Richard E. Caves and Lawrence B. Krause, Britain’s Economic Performance (The Brookings Institution, Washington, 1980) p. 11.
Field Marshal the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, Memoirs (Collins, 1958) p. 505.
The addiction, perhaps this is not too strong a word, of this article to the outcome of predictions as the test of argument should not be construed as unreserved endorsement of the scientific approach to political problems. This has pitfalls which even Lyon Playfair did not escape, as in his comment on the great Irish Famine of 1847–8:
As the population lessened, the production of potatoes per acre decreased.… The reason for the decline is curious… the best manure for any crop is the refuse of the animal which lives upon it… when the people emigrated they took their manurial value with them, and the diminished population did not supply sufficient manure for the crops. (Thomas Wemyss Reid (ed.), Memoirs and Correspondence of Lyon Playfair (P. M. Pollak Science Reprints, Jemimaville, Scotland, 1976) p. 100)
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© 1985 James Cable
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Cable, J. (1985). Interdependence: a Drug of Addiction?. In: Diplomacy at Sea. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07550-8_3
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