Abstract
The previous chapter dealt with informal groups which grow up among natural scientists. Although these groups play a crucial role in the generation of scientific knowledge, it is through the formal institutions of the academies of sciences that plans are formulated, tasks assigned and resources allocated. The question which this chapter addresses concerns the degree to which the informal relationships of science can be accommodated by the Soviet Union’s system of centralised institutions, plans and leadership.
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Notes and References
Ustavy Akademii nauk SSSR, 1724–1974gg (Moscow: Nauka, 1974) pp. 166–7; for discussion of the role of the USSR Academy of Sciences see Osnovnye printsipy i obshchie problemy upravleniya naukoi (Moscow: Nauka, 1973) p. 180; V. A. Rassudovskii, Gosudarstvennaya organizatsiya nauki v SSSR (Moscow: Yuridicheskaya Literature, 1971) pp. 32–49;
L. V. Golovanov, ‘Sistema upravleniya naukoi v SSSR i voprosy ee sovershenstvovaniya’, in Nauchnoe upravlenie obshchestvom, vyp. 3 (Moscow: Mysl’, 1969) p. 44; Organizatsionno-pravovye voprosy rukovodstva naukoi v SSSR (Moscow: Nauka, 1973) pp. 208–9.
Ustavy Akademii nauk SSSR (1974) pp. 175–6 and 178–9; K. A. Lange, Organizatsiya upravleniya nauchnymi issledovaniyami (Leningrad: Nauka, 1971) pp. 168–88; Osnovnye printsipy, pp. 189–91.
V. A. Kirillin, Vestnik Akademii nauk SSSR, no. 5 (1976) p. 48; Osnovnye printsipy, p. 46; see also Loren R. Graham, ‘The Role of the Academy of Sciences’, Survey, vol. 23, no. 1, (Winter 1977–8) p. 119.
Osnovnye printsipy, pp. 192–6; see also Yu. Sheinin, Science Policy: Problems and Trends (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1978) p. 203.
John Löwenhardt, ‘Scientist-entrepreneurs in the Soviet Union’, Survey, vol. 20, no. 4 (Autumn 1974) pp. 116–17.
G. M. Dobrov, V. N. Klimenyuk, V. M. Odrin and A. A. Savel’ev, Organizatsiya nauki (Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1970) pp. 62–4;
I. V. Sergeeva, ‘Kollektiv i lichnost’ v nauke’, Sotsial’nye issledovaniya, vyp. 3 (Moscow: Nauka, 1970) p. 185;
I. I. Leiman, Nauka kak sotsial’nyi institut (Leningrad: Nauka, 1971) pp. 163–72.
G. M. Dobrov, V. N. Klimenyuk et al., Organizatsiya nauki, p. 86; Effektivnost’ nauchnykh issledovanii, p. 241; Thane Gustafson, ‘Why Doesn’t Soviet Science Do Better Than It Does?’, in Linda L. Lubrano and Susan Gross Solomon (eds), The Social Context of Soviet Science (Folkestone: Wm Dawson, 1980) pp. 48–54;
Zhores A. Medvedev, The Medvedev Papers (London: Macmillan, 1971) pp. 165–7.
For comment on the operation of the material-technical supply system and the political significance of maintaining its centralised structure, see Moshe Lewin, Political Undercurrents in Soviet Economic Debates (London: Pluto Press, 1975) p. 280;
Hedrick Smith, The Russians (London: Times Books, 1976) pp. 227–8
and Robert Kaiser, Russia: The People and the Power (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1977) pp. 304–6.
A. V. Rzhanov, ‘O nekotorykh putyakh povysheniya effektivnosti fundamental’nykh nauchnykh issledovanii’, Vestnik Akademii nauk SSSR, no. 2 (1982) pp. 41–7. On the material-technical supply system as a cause of dissatisfaction among scientists see V. Zh. Kelle et al. in Sotsio-logicheskie problemy nauchnoi deyateVnosti (Moscow: Institut sotsio-logicheskikh issledovanii AN SSSR, 1978) Table 6, p. 127; see also G. M. Dobrov, V. N. Klimenyuk et al., Organizatsiya nauki, pp. 47, 67–9 and 86–7;
B. A. Frolov, ‘Motivatsiya tvorchestva v nauchnom kollective’, in SotsiaVno-psikhologicheskie problemy nauki (Moscow: Nauka, 1973) p. 150; V. Semenov, ‘Fond dlya nauki’, Pravda (21 December 1968) p. 2; I.I. Leiman, Nauka kak sotsial’nyi institut, p. 142.
V. Zh. Kelle et al. in Sotsiologicheskie problemy nauchnoi deyatel’nosti, Table 6, p. 127; see also B. A. Frolov, in Sotsial’no-psikhologicheskie problemy nauki, pp. 147–52; V. V. Poshataev, ‘Nauchnyi kollektiv kak sfera formirovaniya individual’nosti’, in Nauchnoe upravlenie obshchestvom, vyp. 5 (Moscow: Mysl’, 1971) pp. 201–2; Thane Gustafson, in L. L. Lubrano and S. G. Solomon, The Social Context, pp. 46–7.
SotsiaVno-psikhologicheskie problemy nauki, p. 150; S. A. Kugel’, ‘Struktura i dinamika nauchnykh kadrov’, in Upravlenie, planirovanie i organizatsiya nauchnykh i tekhnicheskikh issledovanii, torn 2 (Moscow: VINITI, 1971) p. 236.
P. L. Kapitsa, Teoriya, Eksperiment, Praktika (Moscow: Znanie, 1966) pp. 4–5.
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© 1984 Peter Kneen
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Kneen, P. (1984). Planning and Leadership in the Soviet Scientific System. In: Soviet Scientists and the State. Studies in Soviet History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07332-0_5
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