Abstract
For a rational discussion of the problems that the ‘Peace Movements’ raise for political philosophy and for politics, it is necessary to understand what makes it possible to integrate into a peaceful order individuals and groups that pursue different ends. Reflection upon the development of order and peace and on the mechanisms that maintain a peaceful order contributes to the improvement of our image of man and to our understanding of contemporary society and politics. This understanding is a prerequisite for coping with the problems raised by the ‘Peace Movements’.
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Notes
MS, to the published in Bridgeman, D. (ed.), The Nature of Pro-social Development: Interdisciplinary Theories and Strategies, New York, Academic Press, forthcoming), with references to an extensive literature, and, e.g. Hayek, F.v., Law, Legislation and Liberty, 3 vols, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973, 1976, 1979, Epilogue to vol. III. The theme of the Epilogue will be elaborated in a trilogy, the first volume of which, entitled The Fatal Conceit, will appear in 1984.
Radnitzky, G., ‘The Science of Man: Biological, Mental, and Cultural Evolution’ in Cappelletti, V. et al., (eds.), Saggi di storia del pensiero scientifico dedicati a Valerio Tonini, Roma, Società Editoriale Jouvence, 1983, p. 393.
Cf., e.g., Popper, K., Objective Knowledge, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1972; 5th rev. edn, 1979, pp. 66, 122.
E.g., Hayek, op. cit., Epilogue passim; Gray, J., ‘The Idea of a Spontaneous Order and the Unity of the Sciences’ (unpublished MS, to be published in Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences, Chicago, Nov. 1983. New York, NY, Paragon House Publishers, 1985, pp. 15, 21, 23.).
E.g., Hayek, op. cit., Epilogue; Hayek, F.V., Drei Vorlesungen über Demokratie, Gerechtigkeit und Sozialismus, Tübingen, J.C.B. Mohr, 1977, pp. 25 et seq.
Campbell, op. cit., p. 41; cf. also Campbell, D., ‘On the Conflicts Between Biological and Social Evolution’, American Psychologist, 30 Dec. 1975, p. 11–20; Hayek (1979), op. cit., Epilogue.
Cf. Popper, K., The Open Society and Its Enemies, 2 vols, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1945. vol. I, ch. 10, 6th rev. edn (1962) pp. 174 et seq.; Hayek (1979), op. cit., pp. 162 and 168.
Hayek, F.V., The Road to Serfdom, University of Chicago Press, 1944 — the classic about totalitarianism, or, e.g. Hayek (1977), op. cit., p. 48.
On egalitarianism see, e.g., Flew, A., The Politics of Procrustes, Buffalo, NY, Prometheus Books, 1981;
Radnitzky’s contribution to Bossle, L. and Radnitzky, G. (eds), Die Selbstgefährdung der offenen Gesellschaft, Würzburg, Naumann, 1982; F.v. Hayek’s writings in political philosophy, esp. Hayek (1976), op. cit. The egalitarianism paradox of levellers and people to be levelled with necessary difference in political power at least, socialism hopes to be able to circumvent by the chimera of the ‘New Man’.
McNamara, J. and O’Keeffe, D., ‘Waiting for 1984. On Orwell and evil’, in Encounter, 59:43–51 (Dec., 1982) p. 48.
E.g., Kuehnelt-Leddihn 1953, Schoenbaum 1966, Unger 1974, Bracher 1976, etc. References to the literature are given also in Radnitzky, G., ‘Die Verwandten aus dem Souterrain. Zum Systemvergleich von Nationalsozialismus und Sozialismus’, in Sonde. Neue Christlich-Demokratische Politik, 12: 94–112 (1979).
Kolakowski, L., ‘A General Theory of Sovietism: a Word About Dangers and Hopes’, in Encounter, 50:19–21 (May, 1983) p. 20. The tendency to abolish individuality is widespread. For example, utilitarianism in ethics dissolves ‘individuals into collections or series of episodes of pleasure and pain’; Gray (1983), op. cit., p. 20. It has collectivist policy implications. The ‘critical theory’ of the ‘Frankfurt School’ uses ‘private’ and ‘privatisation’ in a derogative sense.
Cf. Shtromas, A., ‘Der Propaganda-Faktor in den Ost-West Beziehungen’ in Gabriel, L. et al., (eds.), Die i-Waffen: Information im Kräftespiel der Politik, Manchen, Herbig, 1982, passim.
See, e.g., Pipes, R., ‘Militarism and the Soviet State’, in Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 109: 1–12 (1980).
E.g., Adomeit, H., Die Sowjetmacht in internationalen Krisen und Konflikten, (vol. 11 of the Series published by Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Ebenhausen), Baden-Baden, Nomos-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1983.
Chalfont, A., ‘The great unilateralist illusion: “Ignorance is strength”’, in Encounter, 60:18–38 (April, 1983) p. 37.
Crowther, J., The Social Relations of Science, New York, Macmillan, 1941, p. 331.
Cf. hereto Revel, J.-F., Comment les démocraties finissent, Paris, Grasset, 1983. (Significant title!)
Cf. Andersson, G. (ed.), Rationality in science and politics, (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 79), Dordrecht, Reidel, 1984, esp. p. 11.
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Radnitzky, G. (1985). Are the Peace Movements Pace-Setters or Pitfalls for Peace?. In: van den Dungen, P. (eds) West European Pacifism and the Strategy for Peace. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07126-5_6
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