Abstract
Inspired by the success of OPEC and heartened by the commodity price boom of the early 1970s, the developing countries began a concerted effort to change the regimes governing North-South economic relations. In 1974, they put three documents before the General Assembly of the United Nations which defined a negotiating agenda: the Declaration on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order, the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a NIEO, and the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States.1 Many of the items on this agenda were not new; the main novelty of the NIEO negotiations was the high level of attention paid to them by the governments of rich and poor nations alike.
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Notes and References
For another review of the negotiations. see Rachel McCulloch. ‘Economic Policy in the United Nations: A New International Economic Order’. in Karl Brunner (ed.). The First World and the Third World (Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Policy Center Publications, 1978).
On the most recent Multilateral Trade Negotiations, see Gilbert Winham, ‘The U.S. Wine Gallon Concession: How the Biggest Chip in the Tokyo Round Was Negotiated’, unpublished manuscript, Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie University, July 1981. On the legal regime for humanitarian practices, see
David P. Forsythe, ‘Three Sessions of Legislating Humanitarian Law’, International Lawyer (1977) 131–42. On the law of the sea. see
Ann Hollick, U.S. Foreign Policy and the Law of the Sea (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981). On the regime governing the environment. see
John G. Ruggie, The Structure of Planetary Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981).
Gilbert Winham, ‘Negotiation as a Management Process’, World Politics, 30 (October 1977) 87–114.
Joseph S. Nye. Jr.. ‘UNCTAD: Poor Nations’ Pressure Group’. in Robert W. Cox and Harold Jacobson (eds). The Anatomy of Influence (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973).
Robert L. Rothstein, Global Bargaining: UNCTAD and the Quest for a New International Economic Order (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979):
Johan Kaufmann, Conference Diplomacy (New York: Oceana, 1968).
John G. Ruggie, ‘International Response to Technology: Concepts and Trends’, International Organization. 29 (Summer 1975) p. 250.
Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye. Power and Interdependence (Boston: Little. Brown, 1977) p. 19.
Ruggie, ‘International Response’. p. 250: Ernst B. Haas, ‘Why Collaborate? Issue-Linkage and International Regimes’, World Politics, 32 (April 1980) pp. 357–8.
Oran R. Young, ‘International Regimes: Problems of Concept Formation’, World Politics, 32 (April 1980) pp. 332–42.
Paul Sigmund, Multinationals in Latin America: The Politics of Nationalization (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 1980):
David Jodice, ‘Sources of Change in Third World Regimes for Foreign Direct Investment’, International Organization, 34 (Spring 1980) 177–206.
See Stephen D. Krasner, Defending the National Interest (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978).
Jorge I. Domínguez, ‘Latin America: Business Nationalism versus Multinational Enterprises’, paper delivered at an International Organization conference on industrial sectors in the world market, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa., 1–2 September 1981.
Alton Law, International Commodity Agreements (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books. 1975) p. 1.
Robert Hudec. The GATT Legal System and World Trade Diplomacy (New York: Praeger, 1975);
Richard Gardner. Sterling Dollar Diplomacy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956).
Anindya K. Bhattacharya. Foreign Trade and International Development (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1976) ch. 8.
Charles Ries, ‘The “New International Economic Order”: The Skeptics’ View’, in Karl Sauvant and H. Hasenpflug (eds), New International Economic Order (New York: Westview, 1977) pp. 71–4;
Carl Lankowski, ‘National Capital in the European Community: The Struggle Over the Lomé Convention’, paper delivered at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C., 2 September 1977.
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Susan Strange, ‘The Management of Surplus Capacity’, International Organization, 33 (Summer 1979) pp. 310–18;
David Yoffie, ‘The Advantages of Adversity: Weak States and the Political Economy’, Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University, 1981.
John S. Odell, ‘Latin American Trade Negotiations with the United States’, International Organization, 34 (Spring 1980) 207–28;
T.J. Pempel, ‘Japanese Foreign Economy Policy’, in Peter Katzenstein (ed.), Between Power and Plenty (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978) p. 163;
Vagn Kjellberg, ‘Who Benefits from European Economic Community’s Trade Preferences?’ IFDA (International Foundation for Development Alternatives) Dossier, no. 6 (April 1979) p. 14.
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Michael Dolan and James Caporaso, ‘The External Relations of the European Community’, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 440 (November 1978) pp. 142–4;
Alfred Tovias, Tariff Preferences in Mediterranean Diplomacy (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1978) pp. 1–13.
G.K. Helleiner, ‘World Market Imperfections and the Developing Countries’, in William R. Cline (ed.), Policy Alternatives for a New International Economic Order (New York: Praeger, 1979) p. 378;
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Stephen P. Magee, ‘Information and Multinational Corporations: An Appropriability Theory of Direct Foreign Investment’, in Jagdish N. Bhagwati (ed.), The New International Economic Order: The North-South Debate (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1977);
Constantino Vaitsos, Comercialización de Tecnología en el Pacto Andino (Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 1973);
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Ervin Laszlo, with Robert Baker, Elliott Eisenberg, and Venkata Raman, The Objectives of the New International Economic Order (New York: Pergamon Press, 1978) p. 124.
Denis Goulet, The Uncertain Promise: Value Conflicts in Technology Transfer (New York: IDOC/North America, 1977) pp. 173–4.
Robert Bond, ‘Regionalism in Latin America: Prospects for the Latin American Economic System (SELA)’, International Organization, 32 (Spring 1978) 401–24.
Keesing’s, 22 (1976) p. 27529; John Martz, ‘Venezuelan Policy Toward Latin America’, in Robert Bond (ed.), Venezuela and Its Role in International Affairs (New York: New York University Press, 1977) p. 169.
Robert S. McNamara, Address to the Board of Governors (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 30 September 1980) p. 13.
Gordon W. Smith. The External Debt Prospects of the Non-Oil-Exporting Developing Countries (Washington, D.C.: Overseas Development Council, 1977) p. 1.
Ibid., pp. 1–2.
United Nations Association of the United States, Issues Before the 31st General Assembly of the United Nations (New York: Interchange Foundation. 1976) p. 38.
On the history of UNCTAD. see Branislav Gosovic, UNCTAD: Conflict and Compromise London: Sijthoff, 1972); Nye , ‘UNCTAD: Poor Nations’ Pressure Group’; Bhattacharya. Foreign Trade and International Development.
Horst Mendershausen, Coping with the Oil Crisis (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976) pp. 72 and 96;
Branislav Gosovic and John G. Ruggie, ‘On the Creation of the New International Economic Order: Issue Linkage and the Seventh Special Session of the UN General Assembly’, International Organization, 30 (Spring 1976) p. 317; Keesing’s, 20 (1974) pp. 26358, 26407 and 26436.
Carlos Guerón, ‘Evolución Preliminar de un Viaje Preliminar’, Resúmen, 162 (2 December 1976), pp. 26–9; Keesing’s, 23 (1977) p. 28284.
Clyde Farnsworth, ‘U.S. to Negotiate on Pooled Fund for Commodities’, New York Times (12 March 1977) p. 1; ‘Transcript of President’s Address at UN on Peace, Economy and Human Rights’, New York Times (18 March 1977), p. A10.
K.W. Clarfeld, Eight Mineral Cartels (New York: McGraw Hill, 1976);
Zuhayr Mikdashi, The International Politics of Natural Resources (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1976) especially ch. 3;
Helge Hveem, The Political Economy of Third World Producer Associations (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1978).
See Lawrence Franko and Marilyn Seiber (eds). Developing Country Debt (New York: Pergamon Press, 1979).
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© 1983 Jeffrey A. Hart
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Hart, J.A. (1983). Negotiations for a New International Economic Order. In: The New International Economic Order. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06594-3_2
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