Abstract
At least two options are open to us in pursuing optimal drug action (Gregoriadis, 1981a). In the first, creation of specialised molecules, a therapeutically profitable target-drug relationship is usually far from ideal and undesirable side effects are almost always present. In the second, drug molecules that are not necessarily target specific are transported by a carrier to the area of action and subsequently allowed to perform their task. Transport by the carrier should be effected in isolation from the biological space existing between the site of application and the site of action as this would be useful in cases where drugs are either prone to premature excretion and inactivation or detrimental to the non-target space in the host. The carrier itself should be non-toxic, biodegradable and of the appropriate shape and size so as to enable accommodation of a wide variety of therapeutic agents. It should preferably ignore or be ignored by irrelevant (normal) areas and have a pronounced affinity for, and access to the target site within which there should be a mechanism for the release of agents from the carrier. The latter, having accomplished its function, should then be disposed of.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alving, C.R., Steck, E.A., Chapman, Jr, W.L., Waits, V.B., Hendricks, L.D., Swartz, Jr., G.M.., Hanson, W.L. (1978). Therapy of leishmaniasis: superior efficacies of liposome encapsulated drugs. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 75, 2959–63.
Black, C.D.V., Watson, C.J., Ward, R.J. (1977). The use of pentostam liposomes in the chemotherapy of experimental leishmaniasis. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 71, 550–52.
Chobanian, J.V., Tall, A.R., Brecher, P.I. (1979). Interaction between unilamellar egg yolk lecithin vesicles and human high density lipoproteins. Biochemistry, 18, 180–87.
Dapergolas, G. and Gregoriadis, G. (1976) Hypoglycaemic effect of liposome-entrapped insulin administered intragastrically into rats. Lancet ii, 824–27.
Fidler, I.J. (1980). Therapy of spontaneous metastases by intravenous injection of liposomes containing lymphokines. Science, 108, 1469–71.
Gregoriadis, G., (1981). Liposomes: a role in vaccines?. Clin Immunol Newsl. 2, 33–36.
Gregoriadis, G., Manesis, E.K. (1980). Liposomes as immunological adjuvants for hepatitis B surface antigens. In: Liposomes and immunobiology (eds. B.H. Tom and H.R. Six). Elsevier/North Holland, New York, Amsterdam.
Gregoriadis, G. (1981a). Targeting of drugs: implications in medicine. The Lancet, 2, 241–247.
Gregoriadis, G., Senior, J. and Trouet, A. (eds.) (1982a). Targeting of drugs. Plenum, New York.
Gregoriadis, G. and Senior, J. (1980). The phospholipid components of small unilamellar liposome controls the rate of clearance of entrapped solutes from the circulation. FEBS Lett 119, 43–46.
Gregoriadis, G. (1983). Liposomes Technology. CRC Press Inc. Florida (In press). Leserman, L.D. and Barbet, J. (eds.) (1982). Méthodologie des liposomes, Inserm, Paris.
Huang, A., Huang, L. and Kennel, S.J. (1980). Monoclonal antibody covalently coupled with fatty acid. J. Biol. Chem., 255, 8015–8018.
Kirby, C. and Gregoriadis, G. (1981). Plasma-induced release of solutes from small unilamellar liposomes is associated with pore formation in the bilayers. Biochem. J. 199, 251–254.
Kirby, C., Clark, J. and Gregoriadis, G. (1980a). Effect of the cholesterol content of small unilamellar liposomes on their stability in vivo and in vitro. Biochem. J. 186, 591–598.
Kirby, C., Clarke, J. and Gregoriadis, G. (1980b). Cholesterol content of small unilamellar liposomes controls phospholipid loss to high density lipoproteins in the presence of serum. FEBS Lett 111, 324–328.
Kirby, C. and Gregoriadis, G. (1980). The effect of the cholesterol content of small unilamellar liposomes on the fate of their lipid components in vivo. Life Sci, 27, 2223–2230.
Leserman, L.D., Barbet, J., Kourisky, F. and Weinstein, J.N. (1980). Targeting to cells of fluorescent liposomes covalently coupled with monoclonal antibody of protein A. Nature, 288, 602–604.
Mauk, M.R., Gamble, R.C. and Baldeschwieler, J.D. Targeting of lipid vesicles: specificity of carbohydrate receptor analogues for leucocytes in mice. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 4430–4434.
McCullough, H.N. and Juliano, R.L. (1979). Organ-selective action of an antitumour drug: pharmacologic studies of liposome-encapsulated β-cytosine arabinoside administered via the respiratory system of the rat. J. Nat. Cancer. Inst., 63, 727–731.
New, R.R.C., Chance, M.L., Thomas, S.C. and Peters, W. (1978). Antileishmanial activity of antirnonial entrapped in liposomes. Nature, 272, 55–56.
Osborne, M.P., Richardson, V.J., Jehasingh, K. and Ryman, B.E. (1979). Radionuclide-labelled liposomes: a new lymph node imaging agent. J. Nucl. Med. Biol., 675–683.
Poste, G., Kirsh, R., Fogler, W.E. and Fidler, I.J. (1979). Activation of tumourcidal properties in mouse macrophages by lymphokines encapsulated in liposomes. Cancer Res., 39, 881–892.
Poste, G. (1980). The interaction of lipid vesicles (liposomes) with cultured cells and their use as carriers for drugs and macromolecules. In: Liposomes in biological systems. (eds. G. Gregoriadis and A.C. Allison) John Wiley and Sons. Chichester, New York
Rahman, Y.E. (1980). Liposomes and chelating agents. In: Liposomes in biological systems. (eds. G. Gregoriadis, and A.C. Allison. John Wiley and Sons. Chichester, New York.
Ryman, B.E., Jewkes, R.F. and Jegsingh, K. (1978) Potential applications of liposomes to therapy. Ann NY Acad Sci, 308, 281–307.
Gregoriadis, G., Weereratne, H., Blair, H. and Bull, G.M. (1982b) Liposomes in Gaucher’s disease type I: use in therapy and the creation of an animal model. In: Gaucher’s disease. The most prevalent Jewish genetic disease (ed. R.J. Desnick) Alan L. Liss, New York.
Gregoriadis, G. and Neerunjun, E.D., (1975). Homing of liposomes to target cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 65, 537–44.
Heath, T.D., Fraley, R.T. and Papahadjopoulos, D. (1980). Antibody targeting of liposomes: cell specificity obtained by conjugation of F(ab’) to vesicle surface. Science, 210, 539–41.
Hemker, HJ.C., Muller, A.D., Hermans, W. Th. and Swaal, R.F.A. (1980). Oral treatment of haemophilia A by gastrointestinal absorption of factor VIII entrapped in liposomes. Lancet, i, 70–71.
Scherphof, G., Roerdink, F., Waite, M. and Parks, J. (1978). Disintegration of phosphatidylcholine liposomes in plasma as a result of interaction with high-density lipoproteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 542, 296–307.
Segal, A.W., Gregoriadis, G. and Black, C.D.V. (1975). Liposomes as vehicles for the local release of drugs. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med., 49, 99–106.
Senior, J. and Gregoriadis, G. (1982). Stability of small unilamellar liposomes in serum and clearance from the circulation: the effect of the phospholipid and cholesterol components. Life Sci. 30, 2123–2136.
Szmuness, S., Stevens, C.E., Harley, E.J., Zang, E.A., Eleszko, W.R., Williams, D.C., Sadovsky, R., Morrison, J.M. and Kellner, A. (1980). Hepatitis B vaccine. Demonstration of efficiency in a controlled clinical trial in a high risk population in the USA. N. Engl. J. Med. 303, 833–841.
Weinstein, J.N., Magin R.L., Yatvin, M.B. and Saharko, D.S. (1979). Liposomes and local hyperthermia; delivery of methotrexate to heated tumours. Science, 204, 188–91.
Yatvin, M.B., Kreutz, W., Horwitz, B.A. and Shinitzky, M. (1980). pH-sensitive liposomes: Possible clinical implications. Science, 210, 1353–55.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1983 The Contributors
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gregoriadis, G. (1983). Targeting of drugs with liposomes. In: Edwards, D.I., Hiscock, D.R. (eds) Chemotherapeutic Strategy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06540-0_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06540-0_14
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-06542-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-06540-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)