Abstract
In recent years there has been increasing criticism on ethical grounds of tests performed on live animals, but a number of the statutory tests for the various possible adverse effects of drugs and other substances may also be criticised on several other grounds. The number of new products which are designed for human use or to which humans will be exposed, such as drugs, industrial byproducts, toiletries, products for use on crops or pests of crops, increases faster than the capacity to test them. It is not acceptable that they should be used without prior tests for safety, and most of these tests use animal models. Ethics, efficiency and economics all support the attempts to search for rapid and relatively inexpensive in vitro methods. There are also grounds for concern that many of the tests have certain scientific deficiencies or leave certain problems unresolved. This discussion will touch briefly on three areas in which new kinds of in vitro tests are being attempted and the reasons for dissatisfaction with current testing.
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Clayton, R.M., Zehir, A., Sedowofia, K. (1983). Testing for delayed effects on development and differentiation: Some open questions. In: Turner, P. (eds) Animals in Scientific Research: An Effective Substitute for Man?. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06439-7_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06439-7_10
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