Abstract
The suggestion that we made in 1968 that noradrenaline and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) were not only present in the same sympathetic fibres innervating the pineal gland of the rat but might also coexist in their storage vesicles (Jaim-Etcheverry and Zieher, 1968b), was received with skepticism and regarded as a curiosity of nature. However, since then the possibility of the coexistence of putative transmitters in neurones has been more seriously considered and experimental evidence supporting that mechanism accumulated over the years. Such data, in addition to its theoretical implications, have been the subject of several review articles and commentaries (Burnstock, 1976, 1978; Osborne, 1979, 1981; Dismukes, 1979). Nowadays, mainly due to the explosive growth of our knowledge about the localisation of various peptides both in the CNS and in the periphery, the coexistence in neurones of several molecules active in cellular communication, is considered to represent an important mechanism in the regulation of that process (Hökfelt et al., 1980a and b). The articles gathered in this volume bear witness to the profound changes that took place in the ideas that prevailed not long ago.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arïëns Kappers, J. (1960). The development, topographical relations and innervation of the epiphysis cerebri in the albino rat. Z. Zellforsch., 52, 163–215
Axelrod, J. (1974). The pineal gland: a neurochemical transducer. Science, 184, 699–714
Barrett, R. E. and Balch, T. St. (1971). Uptake of catecholamines into serotonergic nerve cells as demonstrated by fluorescence histochemistry. Experientia, 27, 633–4
Bertler, A. B., Falck, B. and Owman, C. (1964). Studies on 5-hydroxytryptamine stores in pineal gland of the rat. Acta physiol. Scand., 63, Suppl., 239
Bloom, F. E. (1974). Dynamics of synaptic modulation: perspectives for the future. In The Neurosciences: Third Study Program, (ed. F. O. Schmitt and F. G. Worden), MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass achusetts, p. 989
Brownstein, M. (1975). The pineal gland. Life Sci., 16, 1363–74
Burnstock, G. (1976). Do some nerve cells release more than one transmitter? Neuroscience, 1, 239–48
Burnstock, G. (1978). Do some sympathetic neurones synthesize and release both noradrenaline and acetylcholine? Progr. Neurobiol., 11, 205–22
Cuello, A. C. and Iversen, L. L. (1978). Interactions of dopamine with other neurotransmitters in the rat substantiz nigra. A possible functional role for dendritic dopamine. In Interactions between Putative Transmitters in the Brain, (ed. S. Garattini, J. F. Pujol and R. Samamin), Raven Press, New York, pp. 127–49
Deguchi, T. and Barchas, J. (1972). Effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on hydroxylation of tryptohpan in pineal and brain of rats. Molec. Pharmac., 8, 770–9
Dismukes, R. K. (1979). New concepts of molecular communication among neurons. Behav. Brain Sci., 2, 409–48
Eccleston, D., Thoa, N. B. and Axelrod, J. (1968). Inhibition by drugs of the accumulation in vitro of 5-hydroxytryptamine in guinea pig vas deferens. Nature Lond., 217, 846–7
Fuller, R. W. and Perry, K. W. (1977). Increase of pineal noradrenaline concentration in rats by desipramine but not fluoxetine: implications concerning the specificity of these uptake inhibitors. J. Pharm. Pharmac., 29, 710–11
Goldsmith, P. C. (1977). Ultrastructural localization of some hypothalamic hormones. Fedn. Proc., 36, 1968–72
Grillo, M. A. (1966). Electron microscopy of sympathetic tissues. Pharmac. Rev., 19, 387–99
Hökfelt, T. (1968). In vitro studies on central and peripheral monamine neurons at the ultrastructural level. Z. Zellforsch., 91, 1–74
Hökfelt, T., Elfvin, L. G., Elde, R., Schiltzberg, M., Goldstein, M. and Luft, R. (1977). Occurrence of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in some peripheral sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 74, 3597–91
Hökfelt, T., Johansson, O., Ljungdahl, A., Lundberg, J. M. and Schultzberg, M. (1980a). Peptidergic neurones. Nature Lond., 284, 515–21
Hökfelt, T., Lundberg, J. M., Schultzberg, M., Johansson, O., Ljungdahl, A. and Rehfeld, J. (1980b). Coexistence of peptides and putative transmitters in neurons. In Neural Peptides and Neuronal Communication (ed. E. Costa and M. Trabucchi), Raven Press, New York, p. 1
Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1968a). Cytochemistry of 5-hydroxytryptamine at the electron microscope level. Study of the specificity of the reaction in isolated blood platelets. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 16, 162–71
Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1968b). Cytochemistry of 5-hydroxytryptamine at the electron microscope level. II. Localization in the autonomic nerves of rat pineal gland. Z. Zellforsch., 86, 393–400
Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1968c). Electron microscopic cytochemistry of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the beta cells of guinea pig endocrine pancreas. Endocrinol, 83, 917–23
Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1968d). Cytochemical localization of monoamine stores in sheep thyroid gland at the electron microscope level. Experientia, 24, 593–5
Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1969a). Ultrastructural cytochemistry and pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine in adrenergic nerve endings. II. Localization of exogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine in the autonomic nerves of the rat vas deferens. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 166, 264–71
Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1969b). Selective demonstration of a type of synaptic vesicle by phosphotungstic acid staining. J. cell Biol. 42, 855–60
Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1971a). Ultrastructural aspects of neurotransmitter storage in adrenergic nerves. Adv. Cytopharmac., 1, 343–61
Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1971b). Ultrastructural cytochemistry and pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine in adrenergic nerve endings. III. Selective increase of norepinephrine in the rat pineal gland consecutive to depletion of neuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 178, 42–8
Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1974). Localizing serotonin in central and peripheral nerves. In The Neurosciences: Third Study Program (ed. F. O. Schmitt and F. G. Worden), MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, p. 917
Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1975a). Octopamine probably coexists with noradrenaline and serotonin in vesicles of pineal adrenergic nerves. J. Neurochem., 25, 915–17
Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1975b). Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors in the pineal gland increases the noradrenaline stores of its sympathetic nerves. Naunyn Schmied. Arch. Pharmac., 209, 425–31
Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1980a). Stimulation-depletion of serotonin and noradrenaline from vesicles of sympathetic nerves in the pineal gland of the rat. Cell Tissue Res., 207, 13–20
Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1980b). Stimulation depletes serotonin and noradrenaline from vesicles of pineal sympathetic nerves. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 6, 445
Klein, D. J. (1974). Circadian rhythms in indole metabolism in the rat pineal gland. In The Neurosciences: Third Study Program (ed. F. O. Schmitt and F. G. Worden), MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, p. 509
Lichtensteiger, W., Mutzner, U. and Langemann, H. (1967). Uptake of 5 hydroxytryptamine and 5 -hydroxytryptophan by neurons of the central nervous system normally containing catecholamines. J. Neurochem., 14, 489–97
Molinoff, P. B. and Axelrod, J. (1969). Octopamine: normal occurrence in sympathetic nerves of rats. Science, 164, 428–9
Molinoff, P. B. and Axelrod, J. (1972). Distribution and turnover of octopamine in tissues. J. Neurochem., 19, 157–63
Molinoff, P. B., Landsberg, L. and Axelrod, J. (1969). An enzymatic assay for octopamine and other beta-hydroxylated phenylethylamines. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 170, 253–61
Neff, N. H., Barrett, R. E. and Costa, E. (1969). Kinetic and fluorescent histochemical analysis of the serotonin compartments in rat pineal gland. Eur. J. Pharmac. 5, 348–56
Osborne, N. N. (1979). Is Dale’s principle valid? Trends Neurosci., 2, 73–5
Osborne, N. N. (1981). Communication between neurones: current concepts. Neurochem. Internat., 3, 3–16
Owman, C. (1964). Sympathetic nerves probably storing two types of monoamines in the rat pineal gland. Int. J. Neuropharmac., 2, 105–12
Pearse, A. G. E. (1969). The cytochemistry and ultrastructure of polypeptide hormone producing cells of the APUD series and the embryologic, physiologic and pathologic impliçations of the concept. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 17, 303–13
Pellegrino de Iraldi, A. and De Robertis, E. (1961). Action of reserpine on the submicroscopic morphology of the pineal gland. Experientia, 17, 122–3
Pellegrino de Iraldi, A., Gueudet, R. and Suburo, A. M. (1971). Differentiation between 5-hydroxytryptamine and catecholamines in synaptic vesicles. Progr. Brain. Res., 34, 161–70
Pellergrino de Iraldi, A., Zieher, L. M. and De Robertis, E. (1963). 5-hydroxytryptamine content and synthesis of normal and denervated pineal gland. Life Sci., 1, 691–6
Pellegrino de Iraldi, A., Zieher, L. M. and De Robertis, E. (1965). Ultrastructural and pharmacological studies of nerve endings of the pineal gland. Progr. Brain Res., 10, 389–421
Rubio, M. C., Jaim-Etcheverry, G. and Zieher, L. M. (1977). Tyrosine hydroxylase activity increases in pineal sympathetic nerves after depletion of neuronal serotonin. Naunyn Schmied. Arch. Pharmac., 301, 75–8
Schultzberg, M., Hökfelt, T., Terenius, L., Elfvin, L. G., Lundberg, J. M., Brandt, J., Elde, R. P. and Goldstein, M. (1979). Enkephalin immunoreactive nerve fibres and cell bodies in sympathetic ganglia of the guinea-pig and rat. Neuroscience, 4, 249–70
Shaskan, E. G. and Snyder, S. H. (1970). Kinetics of serotonin accumulation into slices from rat brain: relationship to catecholamine uptake. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 175, 404–18
Taxi, J. (1969). Morphological and cytochemical studies on the synapses in the autonomic nervous system. Progr. Brain Res., 31, 5–20
Taxi, J. and Droz, B. (1966). Etude de 1’incorporation de noradrenaline-3H (NA3H) et de 5-hydroxytryptophane-3H (5-HTP-3H) dans les fibres nerveuses du canal deferent et de l’intestin. C. r. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. Paris, 263, 1237–40
Thoa, N. B., Eccleston, D. and Axelrod, J. (1969). The accumulation of C14-serotonin in the guinea-pig vas deferens. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 169, 68–73
Uddman, R., Alumets, J., Håkanson, R., Lorén, I. and Sundler, F. (1980). Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) occurs in the nerves of the pineal gland. Experientia, 36, 1119–20
Weiner, N. (1970). Regulation of norepineprine biosynthesis. A. Rev. Pharmac., 10, 273–90
Weiner, N., Cloutier, G., Bjur, R. and Pfeffer, R. I. (1972). Modification of norepinephrine synthesis in intact tissue by drugs and during short term adrenergic nerve stimulation. Pharmac. Rev., 24, 203–21
Wood, J. G. (1967). Cytochemical localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the central nervous system (CNS). Anat. Rec., 157,343
Zieher, L. M. and Jaim-Etcheverry, G. (1971). Ultrastructural cytochemistry and pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine in adrenergic nerve endings. II. Accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine in nerve vesicles containing norepinephrine in rat vas deferens. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 178, 30–41
Zweig, M. and Axelrod, J. (1969). Relationship between catecholamines and serotonin in sympathetic nerves of the rat pineal gland. J. Neurobiol. 1, 87–97
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1982 The Contributors
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jaim-Etcheverry, G., Zieher, L.M. (1982). Coexistence of monoamines in peripheral adrenergic neurones. In: Cuello, A.C. (eds) Co-Transmission. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06239-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06239-3_8
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-06241-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-06239-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)