Abstract
We reported that tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the dopaminergic regions of nigro-striato-pallidal complex of the brain is greatly reduced (5–10% of controls) in all 12 cases of parkinsonian patients (Nagatsu, et al., 1977, 1979). The reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the parkinsonian brain was also reported by several groups (Lloyd, et al., 1975; McGeer and McGeer, 1976; Riederer, et al., 1979).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Brenneman, A. R. and Kaufman, S. (1964). The role of tetrahydropteridines in the enzymatic conversion of tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 17, 177–183.
Bullard, W. P., Guthrie, P. B., Russo, P. B. and Mandell, A. J. (1978). Regional and subcellular distribution and some factors in the regulation of reduced pterins in rat brain. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 206, 4–20
Fukushima, T. and Nixon, J. C. (1980). Analysis of reduced forms of biopterin in biological tissues and fluids. Anal. Biochem., 102, 176–188.
Kettler, R., Bartholini, G. and Pletscher, A. (1974). In vivo enhancement of tyrosine hydroxylation in rat striatum by tetrahydrobiopterin. Nature, 249, 476–478.
Levine, R. A., Kuhn, D. M. and Lovenberg, W. (1979). The regional distribution of hydroxylase cofactor in rat brain. J. Neurochem., 32, 1575–1578.
Lloyd, K. G., Davidson, L. and Hornykiewicz, O. (1975). The neurochemistry of Parkinson’s disease: effect of L-DOPA therapy. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 195, 453–464.
Lovenberg, W., Levine, R. A., Robinson, D. S., Ebert, M., Williams, A. C. and Calne, D. B. (1979). Hydroxylase cofactor activity in cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects and patients with Parkinson’s disease. Science, 204, 624–626.
McGeer, P. L. and McGeer, E. G. (1976). Enzymes associated with the metabolism of catecholamines, acetylcholine and GABA in human controls and patients with Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s chorea. J. Neurochem., 6, 65–76.
Nagatsu, T. (1973). Biochemistry of Catecholamines, Univ. Tokyo Press and Univ. Park Press, Tokyo and Baltimore.
Nagatsu, T. (1979) Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase. In Frontiers in Catecholamine Research, (eds. E. Usdin and S. Snyder), Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Nagatsu, T., Kato, T., Numata(Sudo), Y., Ikuta, K., Sano, M., Nagatsu, I., Kondo, Y., Inagaki, S., Iizuka, R. , Hori, A. and Narabayashi, H. (1977). Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase and other enzymes of catecholamine metabolism in human brain. Clin. Chim. Acta, 75, 221–232.
Nagatsu, T., Kato, T., Nagatsu, I., Kondo, Y., Inagaki, S., Iizukz, R. and Narabayashi, H., (1979). Catecholamine-related enzymes in the brain of patients with parkinsonism and Wilson’s disease. Adv. in Neurol., 24, 283–292.
Nagatsu, T., Levitt, M and Udenfriend, S. (1964). Tyrosine hydroxylase. The initial step in norepinephrine biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem., 239, 2910–2917.
Nagatsu, T., Numata(Sudo), Y., Kato, T., Sugiyama, K. and Akino, M. (1978). Effects of melanin on tyrosine hydroxyalse and phenylalanine hydroxylase. Biochim. Biophsy. Acta, 523, 47–52.
Nagatsu, T., Oka, K. and Kato, T. (1979). Highly sensitive assay for tyrosine hydroxylase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 163, 247–252.
Nagatsu, T., Yamaguchi, T., Kato, T., Sugimoto, T., Matsuura, S., Kobayashi, K., Akino, M., Tsushima, S., Nakazawa, N. and Ogawa, H. (1979) Proc. Japan Acad., 55, Ser. B, 317–322.
Numata(Sudo), Y., Kato, T., Nagatsu, T., Sugimoto, T. and Matsuura, S. (1977). Effects of stereochemical structures of tetrahydrobiopterin on tyrosine hydroxylase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 480, 104–112.
Riederer, P., Rausch, W. -D., Birkmayer, W., Jellinger, K. and Seemann, D. (1978). CNS modulation of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase in Parkinson’s disease and metabolic encephalopathies. J. Neural Transmission, Suppl. 14, 121–131.
Weiner, N., Lee, F. -L., Dreyer, E. and Barnes, E. (1978). The activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in noradrenergic neurons during acute nerve stimulation. Life Sci., 22, 1197–1216.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1981 The Contributors
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nagatsu, T. et al. (1981). Biopterin in the Brain of Controls and Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Related Striatal Degenerative Diseases: Application of New Biopterin Radioimmunoassay. In: Riederer, P., Usdin, E. (eds) Transmitter Biochemistry of Human Brain Tissue. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05932-4_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05932-4_20
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-05934-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-05932-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)