Abstract
The routine monitoring of blood levels of drugs such as digoxin, gentamicin, lithium and anticonvulsants has been recognized as a valuable and necessary aid to clinical management. A similar approach to the control of therapy with antipsychotic, neuroleptic drugs has been complicated by (1) the large number of drugs presently in use, (2) their even larger number of active and inactive metabolites, (3) the lack of satisfactory assay procedures, and (4) a general lack of recognition of the toxic effects which may result from high dose levels.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alfredsson, G., Wode-Helgodt, B. and Sedvall, G. (1976). A mass fragmento-graphic method for the determination of chlorpromazine and two of its active metabolites in human plasma and CSF. Psychopharmacology, 48,123–31
Baldessarini, R. J. and Tarsy, D. (1979). Relationship of the actions of neuroleptic drugs to the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 21, 1–45
Brunswick, D. J. and Mendels, J. (1977). Reduced levels of tricyclic antidepressants in plasma from vacutainers. Commun. Psychopharmac., 1, 131
Burnett, G. B., Prange, A. J., Jr, Wilson, I. C., Jolliff, L. A., Creese, I. C. and Snyder, S. H. (1980). Adverse effects of anticholinergic antiparkinsonian drugs in tardive dyskinesia. Neuropsychobiology, 6, 109–20
Calil, H. M., Avery, D. H., Hollister, L. E., Creese, I. and Snyder, S. H. (1979). Serum levels of neuroleptics measured by dopamine radioreceptor assay and some clinical observations. Psychiat. Res., 1, 39–44
Clemens, J. A., Smalstig, E. B. and Sawyer, B. D. (1974). Antipsychotic drugs stimulate prolactin release. Psychopharmacologia, 40, 123
Cohen, B. M., Lipinski, J. F., Harris, P. Q., Pope, H. G., Jr and Friedman, M. (1980). Clinical use of the radioreceptor assay for neuroleptics. Psychiat. Res., 1, 173–8
Cooper, T. B. (1978). Plasma level monitoring of antipsychotic drugs. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 3, 14–38
Cooper, T. B., Simpson, G. M. and Lee, J. H. (1976). Thymoleptic and neuroleptic drug plasma levels in psychiatry: current status. Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 19, 269–309
Creese, I. and Sibley, D. (1979). Radioligand binding studies: evidence for multiple dopamine receptors. Commun. Psychopharmac., 3, 385–95
Creese, I. and Snyder, S. H. (1977). A simple and sensitive radioreceptor assay for antischizophrenic drugs in blood. Nature, Lond., 270, 180–2
Creese, I., Burt, D. R. and Snyder, S. H. (1976). Dopamine receptor binding predicts clinical and pharmacological potencies of antischizophrenic drugs. Science, N. Y., 192, 481–3
Creese, I., Burt, D. R. and Snyder, S. H. (1978a). Biochemical actions of neuroleptic drugs: focus on the dopamine receptor. In Handbook of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 10 (ed. L. L. Iversen, S. D. Iversen and S. H. Snyder), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 37–89
Creese, I., Manian, A. A., Prosser, T. D. and Snyder, S. H. (1978b). 3H-Haloperidol binding to dopamine receptors in rat corpus striatum: influence of chlorpromazine metabolites and derivatives. Eur. J. Pharmac., 47, 291–6
Curry, S. H. (1970). Plasma protein binding of chlorpromazine. J. Pharm. Pharmac, 22, 193–7
Curry, S. H., Whelpton, R., de Schepper, P. J., et al. (1978). Plasma fluphenazine concentrations after injection of long acting esters. Lancet, i, 1217–8
Feinberg, A. P. and Snyder, S. H. (1975). Phenothiazine drugs: structure activity relationships explained by a conformation that mimics dopamine. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 72, 1899–903
Forsman, A. and Ohman, R. (1977). Studies on serum protein binding of haloperidol. Curr. Ther. Res., 21, 245–55
Freedberg, K. A., Innis, R. B., Creese, I. and Snyder, S. H. (1979). Antischizophrenic drugs: differential plasma protein binding and therapeutic activity. Life Sci., 24, 2467–74
Fremstad, D. and Bergerud, K. (1976). Plasma protein binding of drugs as influenced by blood collection methods. Acta pharmac. toxicol., 39, 570
Greengard, P. A. (1976). Possible role for cyclic nucleotides and phosphorylated membrane proteins in postsynaptic actions of neurotransmitters. Nature, Lond., 260,101–8
Iversen, L. L. (1975). Dopamine receptors in the brain. Science, N. Y., 188, 1084–9
Janssen, P. A. J. and Van Bever, W. F. M. (1978). Structure activity relationships of the butyrophenones and diphenylbutylpiperidines. In Handbook of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 10 (ed. L. L. Iversen, S. D. Iversen, and S. H. Snyder), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 1–36
Jeste, D. V., Rosenblatt, J. E., Wagner, R. L. and Wyatt, R. J. (1979). High serum neuroleptic levels in tardive dyskinesia? New Engl. J. Med., 1184
Klawans, H. L. (1973). The pharmacology of tardive dyskinesias. Am. J. Psychiat., 130, 82–6
Koch, M. H. J. (1974). The conformation of neuroleptic drugs. Molec. Pharmac., 10, 425–37
Lader, M. (1976). Monitoring plasma concentrations of neuroleptics. Pharmakopsychiatrie, 9, 170–7
Lader, S. (1980). A radioreceptor assay for neuroleptic drugs in plasma. Immunoassay, 1, 57
MacKay, A. V. P., Healey, A. F. and Baxter, J. (1974). The relationship of plasma chlorpromazine to its 7-hydroxy and sulphoxide metabolites in a large population of chronic schizophrenics. Br. J. clin. Pharmac., 1, 425–30
McDevitt, D. G., Frisk-Holmberg, M., Hollifield, J. W. and Shand, D. G. (1976). Plasma binding and the affinity of propanolol for a beta receptor in man. Clin. Pharmac. Ther., 20, 152–7
Meltzer, H. Y., Fang, V. S., Simonovich, M. and Paul, S. M. (1977). Effect of metabolites of chlorpromazine on plasma prolactin levels in male rats. Eur. J. Pharmac., 41, 431
Nyberg, G., Axelsson, R. and Martensson, E. (1978). Binding of thioridazine and thioridazine metabolites to serum proteins in psychiatric patients. Eur. J. clin. Pharmac, 14, 341–50
Patzke, J., Lai, A., Glueck, B. L., Shaskan, E. G. and Rosenby, B. J. (1980). A radioreceptor assay for the measurement of neuroleptic drugs. Clin. Chem., 26, 799
Phillipson, O. T., McKeown, J. M., Baker, J. and Healey, A. F. (1977). Correlation between plasma chlorpromazine and its metabolites and clinical ratings in patients with acute relapse of schizophrenic and paranoid psychosis. Br. J. Psychiat., 131, 172–84
Rosenblatt, J. E., Pary, R. J., Bigelow, L. B., DeLisi, L. E., Wagner, R. L., Kleinman, J. E., Weinberger, D. R., Potkin, S. G., Schiling, D., Jeste, D. V., Alexander, P. and Wyatt, R. J. (1980). Measurement of serum neuroleptic concentrations by radioreceptor assay: concurrent assessment of clinical response and toxicity. Psychopharmac.Bull., in press.
Sakalis, G., Chan, T. L., Sathananthan, G., Schooler, N., Goldberg, S. and Gershon, S. (1977). Relationships among clinical response, extrapyramidal syndrome and plasma chlorpromazine and metabolite ratios. Commun. Psychopharmac., 1, 157–66
Sakalis, G., Chan, T. L., Gershon, S. and Park, S. (1973). The possible role of metabolites in therapeutic response to chlorpromazine treatment. Psychopharmacologia, 32, 279
Seeman, P., Lee, T., Chau-Wong, M. and Wong, K. (1976). Antipsychotic drug doses and neuroleptic/dopamine receptors. Nature, Lond., 261, 717–9
Snyder, S. H., Banerjee, S. P., Yamamura, H. I. and Greenberg, D. (1974). Drugs, neurotransmitters and schizophrenia. Science, N. Y., 184, 1243–53
Snyder, S. H., Creese, I. and Burt, D. R. (1975). The brain’s dopamine receptor: labeling with [3H]dopamine and [3H]haloperidol. Psychopharmac Commun., 1, 663–73
Tune, L. E., Creese, I., DePaulo, J. R., Slavney, P. R., Coyle, J. T. and Snyder, S. H. (1980a). Clinical state and serum neuroleptic levels measured by radioreceptor assay in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiat., 137, 187–90
Tune, L. E., Creese, I., Coyle, J. T., Pearlson, G. and Snyder, S. H. (1980b). Low neuroleptic serum levels in patients receiving fluphenazine decanoate. Am. J. Psychiat., 137, 80–2
Usdin, E. (1971). The assay of chlorpromazine and metabolites in blood, urine, and other tissues. CRC crit. Rev. clin. Lab. Sci., 2, 347–91
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1981 The contributors
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Creese, I., Lader, S., Rosenberg, B. (1981). A radioreceptor assay for neuroleptic drugs. In: Usdin, E., Dahl, S.G., Gram, L.F., Lingjærde, O. (eds) Clinical Pharmacology in Psychiatry. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05929-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05929-4_7
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-05931-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-05929-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)