Abstract
One of the best-known and most influential sociolinguists of the post-war period is Professor Basil Bernstein, of the Institute of Education at the University of London. Bernstein set out to discover why some children succeeded at school and others failed. His conclusion was that schools were geared to the habits and attitudes of what he decided, for reasons of convenience, to call the middle class, and that working-class children — another label of convenience — were consequently disadvantaged from the beginning of their school careers.
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Notes and References
Basil Bernstein (ed.), Class, Codes and Control, vol. 1: Theoretical Studies Towards a Sociology of Language (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971)
Ibid, p. 28.
Ibid, p. 28.
Ibid, p. 28.
Ibid, p. 32.
Ibid, p. 36.
Ibid, pp. 48–9.
Ibid, pp. 144–5.
Ibid, pp. 146–7.
Ibid, p. 147.
G. J. Turner, ‘Social Class and Children’s Language of Control at Age Five and Seven’, in Basil Bernstein (ed.), Class, Codes and Control, vol. 2: Applied Studies Towards a Sociology of Language (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973) pp. 135–6.
George Steiner, ‘In Bluebeard’s Castle’, Listener, 15 April 1971.
Bernard Rosenberg, ‘Mass Culture in America’, in Bernard Rosenberg and David Manning White (eds), Mass Culture: The Popular Arts in America (New York: Free Press, 1964) p. 5.
B. Sugarman, ‘Involvement in Youth Culture, Academic Achievement and Conformity in School’, British Journal of Sociology, June 1967, p. 158.
Mary Douglas, ‘Do Dogs Laugh?: a Cross-Cultural Approach to Body Symbolism’, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 15, 1971, p. 389.
M. A. K. Halliday, Language as Social Semiotic: the Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning (London: Edward Arnold, 1978) p. 161.
Ibid., p. 172.
Ibid., p. 180.
Dell Hymes, Foundations in Sociolinguistics: an Ethnographical Approach (London: Tavistock Publications, 1977) p. 51.
Ibid, p. 4.
George Melly, Revolt into Style: the Pop Arts in Britain (London: Allen Lane, 1970) p. 206.
Richard M. Owens and Tony Lane, American Denim: a New Folk Art (New York: Abrams, 1975) pp. 38–9.
Ibid, p. 38.
Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media (London: Routledge, 1964) p. 231.
Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media (London: Routledge, 1964) p. 231. See also George Steiner, ‘The Retreat from the Word’, Listener, 14 and 21 July 1960.
Simon Frith, ‘Rock Lyrics’, Listener, 26 June 1980.
Donald Davie, ‘British and American English’, Listener, 23 January 1969.
The two vintage ‘Dear Bill’ letters referring to the Royal Wedding are to be found in the issues of Private Eye for 31 July and 14 August 1981.
John Wells, Anyone for Denis?
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© 1983 Kenneth Hudson
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Hudson, K. (1983). Attitudes to Words. In: The Language of the Teenage Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05597-5_2
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