Abstract
Civil wars are notoriously messy wars. The military campaigns between the North and the Confederacy in the USA in 1861–1865 had a brutal neatness; but they were exceptional. When a state collapses into internal war, cross-cutting tensions and enmities are typically released. The civil war in England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland in the mid-seventeenth century is an example. National, regional and confessional as well as social and economic divisions became sharper and cut deep tranches of lasting embitterment into the attitudes and practices of the combatant armies.
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Notes
See A.Rosmer, Lenin’s Moscow (London, 1971), pp. 66–7.
See R. Stites, Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Visions and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution (Oxford, 1989), pp. 65–6.
D. Bednyi. Bibliotechka izbrannoi liriki(Moscow, 1967), pp. 11–12.
G. Zinov’ev, Vladimir Il’ich Lenin (Petrograd, 1918).
See R. Taylor, The Politics of the Soviet Cinema, 1917–1929 (Cambridge, 1979), pp. 87–8.
Clara Zetkin, Erinnerungen an Lenin (Vienna, 1929), pp. 20–1.
See N. Davies, White Eagle, Red Star (London, 1972), pp. 70–3, 95 and 97.
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© 1995 Robert Service
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Service, R. (1995). The Tar in the Honey. In: Lenin: A Political Life. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05594-4_5
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