Abstract
Although the phenomenon had barely been hinted at before Skutch’s review of 1961, co-operation by three or more adult birds in some aspect of reproductive effort is remarkably widespread as a usual feature of breeding biology, and is now known to involve at least 1.5 per cent of the world’s avifauna. I hold co-operative breeders to include the many birds with ‘helpers at the nest’, and the several species which breed in pairs but are group-territorial and provision the young communally, as well as the few in which several females lay in a common nest. For reasons given below we should exclude the half-dozen species that cooperate in building a supernest in which each pair rears its young unaided — those are best designated communal nesters. I include, however, birds in which later broods in the same season are regularly fed by their siblings of earlier broods, since this seems similar to their retaining family bonds and, when adult, helping parents at the nest in subsequent years. Details of social organisation and the nature of the co-operative effort vary considerably with species; they typically involve pre-breeding adult individuals helping a breeding pair with nest building, incubation, territorial defence, feeding nestlings and attending fledglings.
Dr Hilary Fry became interested in tropical ornithology on leading an expedition from Cambridge to West African islands in 1959. On graduating he returned to Nigeria, where he took his Ph.D. degree under the supervision of David Lack, studying the biology of bee-eaters. At Aberdeen University since 1967, he has retained that interest with frequent visits to Africa and other parts of the tropics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Boehm, E. F. (1974). Results from banding Chestnut-crowned Babblers. Aust. Bird Bander, 12, 76–78.
Brown, J. L. (1974). Alternate routes to sociality in jays —with a theory for the evolution of altruism and communal breeding. Am. Zool., 14, 63–80.
Brown, J. L. (1975). Helpers among Arabian Babblers Turdoides squamiceps. Ibis, 117, 243–244.
Bryant, D. M. (1975). Breeding biology of House Martins Delichon urbica in relation to aerial insect abundance. Ibis, 117, 180–216.
Carrick, R. (1972). Population ecology of the Australian Black-backed Magpie, Royal Penguin, and Silver Gull in Population Ecology of Migratory Birds. US Department of Interior Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Wildlife Research Report 2, 41–99.
Dow, D. D. (1975). Breeding biology and behaviour of Manorina (Myzantha) melanocephala, a communally nesting honeyeater. Emu, 74 (1974), Supplement, 308.
Eberhard, M. J. W. (1975). The evolution of social behaviour by kin selection. Q. Rev. Biol., 50, 1–39.
Fry, C. H. (1972). The social organisation of bee-eaters (Meropidae) and cooperative breeding in hot-climate birds. Ibis, 114, 1–14.
Fry, C. H. (in press). Survival and longevity among tropical land birds, in Proc. 4th Pan-Afr. Ornith. Congr. (1976), South African Ornithological Society.
Grimes, L. (1975). Co-operative breeding behaviour and family relationships within groups of the long-tailed Shrike Corvinella corvina. Emu, 74 (1974), Supplement, 309–310.
Koenig, W. D. (1974). Communal breeding in birds. Privately circulated manuscript 41 pp.
Lack, D. (1968). Ecological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds. Methuen, London, 409 pp.
Maclean, G. L. (1973). The Sociable Weaver, part 3: breeding biology and moult. Ostrich, 44, 219–240.
Nakamura, T. (1975). Co-operative breeding in the Japanese Long-tailed Tit. Emu, 74 (1974), Supplement, 311.
Parry, V. (1973). The auxiliary social system and its effect on territory and breeding in Kookaburras. Emu, 73, 81–100.
Perrins, C. M. and Moss, D. (1975). Reproductive rates in the Great Tit. J. Anim. Ecol., 44, 695–706.
Pianka, E. R. (1974). Evolutionary Ecology. Harper and Row, New York, 356 pp.
Rheinwald, G. and Gutscher, H. (1969). Das Alter der Mehlschwalbe (Delichon urbica) in Riet. Vogelwarte, 25, 141–147.
Ricklefs, R. E. (1975). The evolution of co-operative breeding in birds. Ibis, 117, 531–534.
Rydzewski, W. (1973). Longevity records. Ring, 74, 7–10; 75, 40–41; 76, 63–70;77,91–96.
Skutch, A. F. (1961). Helpers among birds. Condor, 63, 198–226.
Snow, D. W. and Lill, A. (1974). Longevity records for some neotropical land birds. Condor, 76, 262–267.
Vehrencamp-Bradbury, S. (1975). Adaptive advantage of communal nesting in Groove-billed Anis. Emu, 74 (1974), Supplement, 312.
Wilson, E. O. (1975). Sociobiology. Belknap Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 697 pp.
Wood, N. A. (1974). The breeding behaviour and biology of the Moorhen. Br. Birds, 67, 105–115 and 137–158.
Woolfenden, G. E. (1975). Florida Jay helpers at the nest. Auk, 92, 1–15.
Wynne-Edwards, V. C. (1962). Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behaviour. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 653 pp.
Zahavi, A. (1974). Communal nesting by the Arabian Babbler. A case of individual selection. Ibis, 116, 84–87.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1977 The contributors
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fry, C.H. (1977). The evolutionary significance of co-operative breeding in birds. In: Stonehouse, B., Perrins, C. (eds) Evolutionary Ecology. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05226-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05226-4_12
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-28161-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-05226-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)