Abstract
Locke is generally regarded as the first liberal exponent of a system of law and order in politics, though with sympathies for people’s revolutionary leanings. Herbert Marcuse may best be described as a radical exponent of modern demands for revolution and liberation from the Establishment, though acknowledging the necessity for an ultimate system of legal norms and ethical standards. The contrasting positions may be compared to advantage for the purpose of a present-day evaluation.
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Notes
For Marcuse’s suggestion that toleration of speech and assembly should be withdrawn from ‘groups and movements which promote aggressive policies, armament, chauvinism, discrimination on the grounds of race and religion, or which oppose …social security, medical care, etc.’, see ‘Repressive Tolerance’ in R.P. Wolff, B. Moore, and H. Marcuse, A Critique of Pure Tolerance, Boston, 1969, p. 100.
For references see Melwin Richter, ‘Tocque ville ’s Contributions to the Theory of Revolution’, in Revolution (Nomos VIII), ed. C. J. Friedrich, New York, 1966, p. 88. See also Eugene Kamenka, ‘The Concept of a Political Revolution’, ibid., p. 131.
H. D. Thoreau, On the Duty of Civil Disobedience (first pub. 1849) in Walden, ed. N. H. Pearson, N. Y. & Toronto, 1948 (reprint 1953, pp. 281–304); reprinted in H. A. Bedau (ed.), Civil Disobedience: Theory and Practice, N. Y., 1969; also in Signet Classic Paperback, N. Y., 1960. The book’s notoriety is mainly due to Gandhi’s use of it as the textbook for his passive resistance movement in India.
See his ‘Ethics and Revolution’, in Ethics and Society, ed. R. T. DeGeorge, NY, 1966 (reprinted in Revolution and the Rule of Law, ed. E. Kent, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1971, pp. 46–59).
See Robert C. Tucker, Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx, Cambridge, 1961, pp. 21–5 and 168.
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© 1981 W. von Leyden
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von Leyden, W. (1981). Epilogue: On Justifying Law and Order. In: Hobbes and Locke. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05060-4_7
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