Abstract
The immune system of mammals has evolved as one of the most important protective mechanisms against infection by parasites, bacteria and viruses, and possibly also as a protection against malignant clones arising as a result of somatic mutation, that is as a mechanism for immune surveillance. It is an extremely complex system, as might be expected in view of the very great range of different parasitic microorganisms that may attack an individual, and it is clear that within any one species there is great genetic diversity overlying the normal immunological characteristics of the species. This genetic variation takes three forms. First, there is a wide range of polyorphism at certain genetic loci such as those concerned with alloantigens. Second, many aspects of the immune system are clearly under polygenic control. Third, there are pathological mutations which would not normally survive in natural populations unless there are strong forces acting to maintain them (as is found in the case of the lethal t alleles). The aim of this paper is to review the nature and extent of genetic variation in the immune system in laboratory mammals, and to consider how these mutants and variants may be used in research both with regard to clarifying the role of the immune system in protection against cancer, and with a view to improving the success of xenografts of human and other tumours.
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Festing, M.F.W. (1980). Inherited immunological defects in laboratory animals. In: Sparrow, S. (eds) Immunodeficient Animals for Cancer Research. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05014-7_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05014-7_2
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