Abstract
In the decade before 1914, when public discussion of Russian institutions was relatively free, the railways were a frequent target of abuse. They were said to be incapable of handling the traffic offered by the developing Russian economy and their losses were said to be the biggest drain on the Treasury. In reality the railways had been expanding their work continuously, although the standard of service was not high. Most of the railways, too, by 1914 were regaining the profitability they had lost in the first years of the century.
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Notes and References
Gosudarstvennaya duma: Doklady byudzhetnoi komissii, SPB 1907, p. 158.
Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 37 (London, 1886) pp. 297–302.
For more on testing plants, see: S. A. Sokolova, ‘Razvitiye laboratornogo metoda ispytanii lokomotivov’, in Trudy instituta istorii estestvoznaniya i tekhniki, vol. 29 (M, 1960) pp. 165–201
and D. R. Carling, ‘Locomotive Testing Stations’, in Transactions of the Newcomen Society, vol. XLV (Cambridge, 1975) PP.105–82.
Yu. Lomonosov, Opyty nad tipami parovozov (Berlin, 1925) gives not only technical and background information, but also conveys the pride of its author in his science.
For a world wide summary of locomotive testing history, see D. R. Carling, ‘The Development of Locomotive Testing’, in Railway World (Shepperton, September 1976) pp. 372–5.
The academicism of Central European and Russian engineers is clearly discernible in the potted biographies given in J. N. Westwood, Locomotive Designers in the Age of Steam (London, 1977).
Railway Gazette (London, November 1952) p. 1928 (obituary).
A. S. Martynov in Lokomotivostroeniye, no. 1 (M, 1931) pp. 52–3.
V. A. Rakov, Lokomotivy zheleznykh dorog Sovietskogo Soyuza (M, 1955) pp. 111 –12.
These include A. V. Yanush in his Russkiye Parovozy za 50 let (M, 1950) p.46.
Trudy nauchno-tekhnicheskogo komiteta NKPS, no. 12 (M, 1925).
Trudy NIIZhT, no. 360 (M, 1968) p. 35.
Raevskii, for example, at the end of his life was a teacher and researcher in an academic institution, a member of several NKPS committees, including the influential NTK, but was employed by the locomotive industry at Putilov Works.
Railroad History, vol. 128 (Cambridge, Mass., 1974) pp. 35–49.
Letter to Brian Reed, 6 April 1933.
M. Larsons, An Expert in the Service of the Soviet (London, 1929) pp. 40–8;
M. Larsons, V sovietskom labirint (Paris, 1932) pp. 115–32.
A. N. Krylov, Moi vospominaniya (M, 1945) p. 298.
This paragraph is based on V. I. Lenin: Biograficheskaya khronika, vol. 8 (M, 1977) pp. 584, 585, 605, 610, 632.
V. V. Fomin, Lenin i transport (M, 1973) pp. 49–50.
S. Zarkhii, Narkomput F. Dzerzhinskii (M, 1977). This book is based on archival sources.
Zarkhii (p. 52) hints that an anti-Soviet but Soviet-appointed inspecting agent was making trouble. More plausible reasons for the difficulties are the Soviet misgivings about Nydkvist & Holm’s ability to deliver promptly so large an order, and the disputed ownership of the ‘Russian gold’ with which the transaction was to be financed.
Technical details of diesel locomotives mentioned in this book may be found in the books by Shishkin, Shelest, Yakobson and Rakov (see Bibliography).
V. I. Grinevetskii, Problema teplovoza i ego znacheniye dlya Rossii (M, 1923).
N. S. Ryshchik (ed.), Ucheniye i izobretateli zhelezndorozhnogo transporta (M, 1956) gives a biography of Shelest (pp. 184–94).
Shelest describes these events in his ‘Razvitiye teplovozostroeniya v SSSR’, in Trudy instituta isotorii estestvozaniya i tekhniki, vol. 21 (M, 1959) pp. 177–81.
Letter of Lomonosov to Brian Reed, 6 April 1933.
Westwood, Locomotive Designers, p. 233.
Leninskii sbornik, vol. XXIII (M, 1933) pp. 178–9.
V. I. Lenin: Biograficheskaya khronika, vol. 8 (M, 1977) p. 160.
Shelest, op. cit., p. 182.
A. Naporko (comp.), Zheleznodorozhnyi transport SSSR v dokumentakh kommunisticheskoi partii i sovietskogo praviteV stva (M, 1957) pp. 158–9.
Ibid., p. 164.
Ibid. See also Fomin, op. cit., pp. 62–3.
W. Messerschmidt, Von Lok zu Lok (Stuttgart, 1971) p. 133.
D. K. Minov, ‘Nekotoryie materialy … v oblasti elektricheskoi tyagi’, in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR: otdeleniye tekhnicheskoi nauk, no. 8 (M, 1950) pp. 1212–41 gives a useful account of early Russian achievements in railway electrification.
The salvation of the Murmansk Railway is described in G. F. Chirkin, Transportno-promyshlenno-kolonoziatsionnyi kombinat Murmanskoi zheleznoi dorogi (M-L, 1928).
V. I. Lenin, Sochineniya, vol. 35 (M, 1950) p. 371.
See G. I. Lomov (ed), GeneraVnyi plan elektrifikatsii SSSR: materialy … (M-L, 1932) vol. 9, pp. 187–243 and vol. 3, pp. 1–220.
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© 1982 J. N. Westwood
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Westwood, J.N. (1982). The Foundations, 1912–1922. In: Soviet Locomotive Technology During Industrialization, 1928–1952. Studies in Soviet History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05011-6_1
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