Abstract
Marie Stopes (1880–1958) shattered the great public silence on birth control by her spectacular activities. A remarkable woman of intellect, energy and intense ambition, she had become, by 1905, the youngest Doctor of Science in England; the first woman to be appointed a lecturer on the scientific staff of Manchester University; and already awarded a Ph.D. from the University of Munich (1904).1 As her palaeobotanical researches began to yield important results, she became well-known in her own professional field.
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References
K. Briant, Marie Stopes (London: Hogarth Press, 1962) pp. 40–50.
Ibid. p. 80.
Fortieth Annual Report of the Malthusian League (1918) p. 2; Eugenics Review, X, 4 (1919) pp. 236–8.
M. Stocks, ‘Dr Marie Stopes’, Family Planning, 7, 4 (1959) p. 2.
M. Stopes, Married Love, 12th edn. (London: Putnam’s, 1931) p. 129. The sole methods mentioned were vinegar, water and a solution of quinine.
M. Stopes, Wise Parenthood, 12th edn. (London: Putnam’s, 1925) pp. 4357.
Eugenics Review, XI, 2 (1919) pp. 81–2.
I am indebted to Ruth Hall, author of Marie Stopes: A Biography (London: Andre Deutsch, 1977) for this information. Marie Stopes’ earlier biographers, Aylmer Maude and Keith Briant, both state the incorrect figure of L100.
A. Maude, Marie Slopes: Her Work and Play (London: Peter Davies, 1933) p. 140.
M. Stopes, The First Five Thousand (London: Bale & Danielsson, 1925) pp. 13–14.
M. Stopes, Contraception, 2nd edn. (London: Bale & Danielsson, 1929) p. 363.
Hall, Marie Stopes: A Biography.
Lancet, 1 (1921) p. 677; The Malthusian XLV, 4 (1921) p. 28.
M. Jennings of the Daily Mirror, letter to M. Stopes, BML (14 March 1921).
Stopes, Contraception, p. 365; Maude, p. 141; Briant, p. 135.
M. Stopes, clinic papers, BML.
Stopes, The First Five Thousand, p. 23.
‘Contraception’, The Practitioner, CXI, 1 (661) (1923) p. 2.
Briant, p. 143.
Queen’s Hall Meeting on Constructive Birth Control (London: Putnam’s, 1921) pp. 17, 23–5.
Maude, pp. 156–7.
C. P. Blacker, ‘The Confluence of Psychiatry and Demography’, British Journal of Psychiatry, 123, 576 (1973) p. 494.
M. Stocks, Still More Commonplace (London: Peter Davies, 1973) p. 18.
The Malthusian, XLV, 8 (1921) pp. 60–1.
Ibid. p. 60.
Lancet, 2 (1921) p. 1198; BMJ, 2 (1921) p. 817; The Malthusian, XLV, 12 (1921) p. 97.
Mrs N. Wright, personal contact, June 1973.
‘Walworth’, Family Planning, 4, 4 (1956) p. 10; Walworth looks back on fifty years of family planning’, FPA News, 30 (1971) p. 7.
N. Haire, How I Run My Birth Control Clinic (London: Cromer Welfare Clinic, 1929) p. 5.
The New Generation, XIV, 10 (1935) p. 116.
Information given by Ruth Hall, June 1976.
The Malthusian, XLV, 6 (1921) p. 42.
The Malthusian, XLV, 8 (1921) p. 61.
Ibid. p. 61.
M. Stopes, A New Gospel To All Peoples (London: Humphreys, 1922) pp. 6, 26–7.
The Lambeth Conferences (1867–1948) (London: S.P.C.K., 1948) p. 50.
‘Lambeth and the Ethics of Sex’, The Challenge, XIV, 356 (1921) pp. 246–7.
W. R. Inge, Diary of a Dean: St. Paul’s 1911–1934 (London: Hutchinson, 1949) p. 60; The Bishop of Birmingham. Inge, Diary of a Dean: St. Paul’s 1911–1934 (London: Hutchinson, 1949) p. 60; The Bishop of Birmingham, ‘The Lambeth Conference’, in D. Williamson (ed.), The Daily Mail Year Book for 1921 (London: Associated Newspapers, 1920) pp. 36–7; 43rd Annual Report of the Malthusian League (1921) p. 2.
F. Watson, Dawson of Penn (London: Chatto & Windus, 1951) pp. 55–60.
Lord Dawson of Penn, Love-Marriage-Birth Control (London: Nisbet, 1922) p. 21.
Sunday Express, 16 October 1921.
The Malthusian, XLV, 11 (1921) p. 86.
J. Peel and M. Potts, Textbook of Contraceptive Practice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969) p. 9.
The Malthusian, XLV, 5 (1921) p. 33.
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© 1980 Audrey Leathard
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Leathard, A. (1980). The First Clinics. In: The Fight for Family Planning. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-04451-1_2
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