Abstract
In the last chapter we examined how live and let live was sustained by a system of sanctions, which was mutually administered by antagonists, and which comprised rewards and punishments for compliance and deviance respectively. But truces were maintained not only by British sanctioning Germans, and Germans sanctioning British, but also by British sanctioning British and Germans sanctioning Germans. The former was an interarmy process among antagonists, and the latter an intraarmy process among compatriots, and it is this system of sanctions, administered by and between compatriots, we shall now analyse.
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Notes
This form of exchange is defined by Ekeh as Group Focused Net Generalised Exchange where ‘Individuals … successively give to the group as a unit and then gain back as part of the group from each of the unit members’. P. Ekeh, Social Exchange Theory (London: Heinemann, 1974) pp. 53–4. This type of exchange operates among group members over a period of time, for example, in a 5-man friendship group when each member invites all others together as a unit to dinner parties at intervals such as a month. But the present concept refers to exchange which occurs among all combinations of group members both simultaneously, that is, at a given moment in time, and successively, that is, at each consecutive moment in time without cease. Such exchange is not confined to war but commonly occurs in groups whose members are exposed to danger, for instance, miners, mariners and the like. Such intensive exchange is associated with solidarity.
See, for instance, E. Shils and M. Janowitz, ‘Cohesion and Disintegration in the Wehtmacht in World War 2’, The Public Opinion Quarterly, Summer 1948;
R. Little, ‘Buddy Relations and Combat Performance’, in M. Janowitz (ed.), The New Military (New York: Russell Sage, 1964);
C. C. Moskos, The American Enlisted Man (New York: Russell Sage, 1970).
G. Seton-Hutchinson, The Thirty-Third Division in France and Flanders (London: Waterlow …Sons, 1921) p. 6.
J. Shakespear, The Thirty Fourth Division 1915–1919 (London: H.F. … G. Wetherby, 1921) p. 18.
W. Lewis, Blasting and Bombardiering (London: Caldaer and Boyars 1967) Chapter XI.
J. Stewart and J. Buchan, The Fifteenth (Scottish) Division (London: Blackwood, 1926) pp. 57–8.
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© 1980 Tony Ashworth
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Ashworth, T. (1980). The Development and Maintenance of Live and Let Live (2): Rewards for Compliance and Punishments for Deviance among Compatriots. In: Trench Warfare 1914–1918. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-04356-9_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-04356-9_7
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