Abstract
At the start of this chapter I want to distinguish between two successive phases which occurred within the respective courses of routine trench warfare and large battles (the latter considered sequentially not separately) . The first and second stages of development of large battles were concurrent with the first and second stages in the trench warfare: the first stages in both forms of war occurred at about the same time in 1915, and the second occurred from 1916 to 1918.
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Notes
B. H. Liddell Hart, History of the First World War (London: Cassell, 1970), p. 266.
R. H. Mottram, J. Easton and E. Partridge, Three Personal Records of the War (London: The Scholartis Press, 1929) p. 327 (2nd Australian division, 7th Brigade, nr. Armentières, Summer 1916).
A. R. Fellowes, The 1st Battalion The Faugh-A-Ballaghs in the Great War (London: Gale and Polden, 1925) p. 48 (4th division, 1st Royal Irish Fusiliers, July 1915, Ypres Salient, 2nd Army).
D. Jones, In Parenthesis (London: Faber and Faber, 1963) p. 196 (38th division) .
G. Coppard, With a Machine Gun to Cambrai (London: H.M.S.O., 1969) p. 66.
A. H. Hussey and D. S. Inman, The Fiflh Division in the Great War (London: Nesbitt and Co., 1921) p. 102.
Although control of mortars was made uniform at this date, weapons were still variously manned; for instance, in the 9th division, crews were made up of heavy gunners and infantry pioneers. See J. Ewing, The History of the Ninth (Scottish) Division (London: John Murray, 1921) p. 81.
A. Forbes, A History of the Army Ordnance Services, vol. 3 (London: The Medici Society, 1929) p. 40.
B. Latham, A Territorial Soldier’s War (Aldershot: Gale and Polden, 1967).p. 49 (47th division).
Lord Moran, The Anatomy of Courage (London: Constable, 1945) p. 81 (1/Royal Fusiliers, 24th division). 44. Graves, op. cit., p. 126 (2nd division).
G. K. Rose, The Story of The s/¢lh Oxfôrdshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infàntry (Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1920) p. 12.
See G. Goold Walker (ed.) The Honourable Artillery Company In the Great War 1914–1918 (London: Seeley, Service, 1930) p. 61 (61st division, 1/H.A.C. September 1916); Newton, op. cit., pp. 193–4 (1st Australian division, June 1916).
E. Parker, Into Battle 1916–1918 (London: Longmans, 1964) p. 34 (14th division, 10/Durham Light Infantry, October 1915).
J. Reith, Wearing Spurs (London: Hutchinson, 1966) pp. 177–8, 185–6 (6th division) .
Mark Seven, A Subaltern On The Somme (London: J. M. Dent, 1927) p. 217 (17th division).
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© 1980 Tony Ashworth
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Ashworth, T. (1980). The Two Phases of Trench War. The Bureaucratisation of Trench Warfare (1): The Opportunity Structure of Aggression: Specialisation, its Growth and Development. In: Trench Warfare 1914–1918. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-04356-9_3
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