Anatomy, Physiology and Psychology

Abstract

In discussing psychosomatic disease it is necessary to consider the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. This is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, and can be thought of as the part of the human being responsible for controlling activity and perceiving physical sensations. It is to some extent under the influence of free will and for our purpose will not be specially considered further. The ANS is composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic components, is not under the control of the will and is responsible for essential activity which is usually not conscious. It is concerned with protecting the body when the latter is confronted with any stressful situation (fright or flight). Part of the brain called the hypothalamus is linked with the ANS, and connections with the ductless glands and the viscera (internal organs) are maintained.