Abstract
The term ‘gender’ is sometimes used loosely as a synonym for biological sex. For example, a person may be referred to as being of the ‘male gender’, meaning that he is a man with the anatomical and physiological features accompanying that condition. In psychiatry, however, gender has a special connotation. In this special sense, gender is ordinarily consonant with biological sex, and so appears to be a function of it. In fact, however, psychological gender may be remarkably free from biological constraint.
Dr Meyer is Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, and Director, Sexual Behaviors Consultation Unit, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Mrs Dupkin is Associate Coordinator, Sexual Behaviors Consultation Unit, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Meyer, J.K., Dupkin, C. (1981). Environment and human gender identity. In: Gilmore, D., Cook, B. (eds) Environmental Factors in Mammal Reproduction. Biology and Environment. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03964-7_19
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