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The Biliary Sphincter

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Alimentary Sphincters and their Disorders

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Abstract

In 1543 Vesalius demonstrated that the common bile duct enters the duodenum and not the stomach, as had previously been supposed. Glisson (1654) made the first description of a sphincter surrounding the termination of the bile duct, and he suggested that its function was to prevent the reflux of chyme into the bile duct. Luschka (1869) failed to identify a distinct sphincter and suggested that duodenal muscle alone exerted a sphincteric action. The papilla, onto which the bile duct opens, and not the ampulla formed by the joining of the bile duct and duct of Wirsung, was described by Vater in 1720. In 1887 Rugero Oddi published his studies on the sphincter which has since borne his name. He demonstrated it in several species of animals, concluded that it was anatomically and functionally distinct from the duodenum, and measured its resistance. He even suggested that its dysfunction may give rise to ‘morbid affections’ of the biliary tract (Hand, 1963).

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Authors
  1. A. L. G. Peel
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  2. H. H. Thompson
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The London Hospital, E1 1BB, London, UK

    Paul A. Thomas (Senior Lecturer and Consultant Surgeon) (Senior Lecturer and Consultant Surgeon)

  2. The London and St Mark’s Hospitals, London, UK

    Charles V. Mann (Consultant Surgeon) (Consultant Surgeon)

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© 1981 Paul A. Thomas and Charles V. Mann

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Peel, A.L.G., Thompson, H.H. (1981). The Biliary Sphincter. In: Thomas, P.A., Mann, C.V. (eds) Alimentary Sphincters and their Disorders. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03940-1_6

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