Abstract
The neuropathological changes associated with Parkinson’s disease were established in the early part of the present century. The biochemical changes now known to be associated with the disease were not known until much later. The distribution of amines in the brains of animals was widely explored in the 1950s and the presence of dopamine in the brains of many animals was described by Montagu in 1957. From the time of its discovery it was suggested that dopamine might be a neurotransmitter in its own right, but it was Carlsson who, in 1959, put forward the view that dopamine has an important role in the regulation of motor function.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ashcroft, G. W., Dow, R. C. and Moir, A. T. B. (1968). The active transport of 5 hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid and 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid from a recirculatory perfusion system of the cerebral ventricles of the unanaesthetised dog. J. Physiol., Lond., 199, 397–425
Asso, D. (1969). WAIS scores in a group of parkinson patients. Br. J. Psychiat., 115, 555–6
Baldessarini, R. J. (1975). The basis for amine hypotheses in affective disorders. Archs gen. Psychiat., 32, 1087–1093
Barolin, G. S., Bernheimer, H. and Hornykiewicz, O. (1964). Seitenverschiedenes Verhalten des Dopamins (3 hydroxytyramin) im Gehirn eines Falles von Hemiparkinsonismus. Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., 94, 241–248
Bartholini, G., Burkard, W. P., Pletscher, A. and Bates, H. M. (1967). Increase in cerebral catecholamines caused by 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine after inhibition of peripheral decarboxylase. Nature, Lond., 215, 852–853
Bernheimer, H., Birkmayer, W. and Hornykiewicz, O. (1963). Zur Biochemie des Parkinsonsyndroms des Menschen. Klin. Wschr., 41, 465–469
Bird, E. D. and Iversen, L. L. (1974). Huntington’s chorea. Post-mortem measurement of glutamic acid decarboxylase, choline acetyltransferase and dopamine in basal ganglia. Brain, 97, 457–472
Bourne, H. R., Bunney, W. E. Jr., Colburn, R. W., Davis, J. M., Davis, J. N. Shaw, D. M. and Coppen. A. J. (1968). Noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in hindbrains of suicidal patients. Lancet, ii, 805–808
Brodie, B. B., Comer, M. S., Costa, E. and Dlabac, A. (1966). Role of brain serotonin in mechanism of central action of reserpine. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 152, 340–349
Carlsson, A. (1959). The occurrence, distribution and physiological role of catecholamines in the nervous system. Pharmac. Rev., 11, 490–493
Carlsson, A. (1968). Reporters remarks. Adv. Pharmac., 6B, 115–119
Carlsson, A. (1970). Biochemical implications of dopa-induced action on the central nervous system with particular reference to abnormal movements. In L-DOPA and Parkinsonism (eds Barbeau, A. and McDowell, F. H. ), pp. 205–212, F. A. Davis Co., Philadelphia
Carroll, B. J. (1971). Monoamine precursors in the treatment of depression. Clin. Pharmac. Ther., 12, 743–761
Celesia, G. G. and Barr, A. N. (1970). Psychosis and other psychiatric manifestations of levodopa therapy. Archs Neurol., 23, 193–200
Celesia, G. G. and Wanamaker, W. M. (1972). Psychiatric disturbances in Parkinson’s disease. Dis. nerv. Syst., 33, 577–583
Cole, J. O. and Clyde, D. J. (1961). Extrapyramidal side-effects and clinical responses to the phenothiazines. In Extrapyramidal System and Neuroleptics (ed. Bordeleau ), Edition Psychiatriques, Montreal
Coppen, A., Shaw, D. M. and Farrell, J. P. (1963). Potentiation of the antidepressant effect of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor by tryptophan. Lancet, i, 79–81
Coppen, A., Metcalfe, M., Carroll, J. D. and Morris, J. G. L. (1972). Levadopa and ltryptophan therapy in Parkinsonism. Lancet, i, 654–658
Cotzias, G. C., Van Woert, M. H. and Schiffer, L. M. (1967). Aromatic amino-acids and modification of parkinsonism. New Engl. J. Med., 276, 374–379
Crow, T. J. (1972). Catecholamine containing neurones and electrical self-stimulation: I. A review of some data. Psychol. Med., 2, 414–421
Crow, T. J. (1973). Catecholamine containing neurones and electrical self-stimulation: II. A theoretical interpretation and some psychiatric implications. Psycho!. Med., 3, 66–73
Crow, T. J., Deakin, J. F. W., Johnstone, E. C. and Longden, A. (1976). Dopamine and schizophrenia. Lancet, ii, 563–566
Crow, T. J. and Gillbe, C. (1972). Dopamine antagonism and antischizophrenic potency of neuroleptic drugs. Nature new Biol., 245, 27–28
Crow, T. J., Johnstone, E. C. and McClelland, H. A. (1976). The coincidence of schizophrenia and parkinsonism: some neuro-chemical implications. Psychol. Med., 6, 227–233
Damâsio, A. R., Lobo-Antunes, J. and Macedo, C. (1971). Psychiatric aspects in parkinsonism treated with L-DOPA. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 34, 502–507
Delay, J. and Deniker, P. (1952). 38 cas de psychoses traitées par la cure prolongée et continué de 4560 RP. Le Congrès de Psychiatrie et de Neurologie de langue Française, Luxembourg, 1952, Mason, ed.
Eccleston, D., Ashcroft, G. W., Moir, A. T. B., Parker-Rhodes, A., Lutz, W. and O’Mahoney, D. P. (1968). Comparison of 5-hydroxyindoles in various regions of dog brain and cerebrospinal fluid. J. Neurochem., 15, 947–957
Ehringer, H. and Hornykiewicz, O. (1960). Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Dopamin (3-hydroxytyramin) im Gehirn des Menschen and ihr Verhalten bei Erkrankungen des extrapyramidalen Systems. Klin. Wschr., 38, 1236–1239
Garron, D. C., Klawans, H. L. and Narin, F. (1972). Intellectual functioning of persons with idiopathic parkinsonism. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 154, 445–452
Goodwin, F. K., Murphy, D. L., Brodie, H. K. H. and Bunney, W. E. (1971). Levodopa: alterations in behaviour. Clin. Pharmac. Ther., 12, 383–396
Haase, H. J. (1961). Extrapyramidal modification of fine movements—`condition sine qua non’ of the fundamental therapeutic action of neuroleptic drugs. Revue Canadienne de Biologie, 20, 425–449
Herman, E. and Pleasure, H. (1963). Clinical evaluation of thioridazine and chlorpromazine in chronic schizophrenics. Dis. nerv. Syst., 24, 54–59
Herrington, R. N., Bruce, A., Johnstone, E. C. and Lader, M. H. (1974). Comparative trial of L-tryptophan and ECT in severe depressive illness. Lancet, ii, 731–734
Hoehn, M. M. and Yahr, M. D. (1967). Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology (Minneap.), 17, 427–442
Iversen, L. L. (1975). Dopamine receptors in the brain. Science, 188, 1084–1089
Jenkins, R. B. and Groh, R. H. (1970). Mental symptoms in parkinsonian patients treated with L-DOPA. Lancet, ii, 177–180
Klawans, H. L., Jr. (1970a). A pharmacological analysis of Huntington’s chorea. Eur. Neurol., 4, 148–163
Klawans, H. L., Jr. (1970b). The pharmacology of parkinsonism. A review. Dis. nerv. Syst., 29, 805–816
Loranger, A. W., Goodell, H., Lee, J. E. and McDowell, F. (1972). Levodopa treatment of parkinson’s syndrome: improved intellectual functioning. Archs gen. Psychiat., 26, 163–168
Marsden, C. D. and Parkes, J. D. (1973). Abnormal movement disorders. Br. J. Hosp. Med., 10, 428–450
McCowan, P. K. and Cook, L. C. (1928). The mental aspect of chronic epidemic encephalitis. Lancet, i, 1316
Mendels, J. (1974). Brain biogenic amine depletion and mood. Archs gen. Psychiat., 30, 447–451
Mindham, R. H. S. (1970). Psychiatric symptoms in parkinsonism. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 33, 188–191
Mindham, R. H. S., Marsden, C. D. and Parkes, J. D. (1976). Psychiatric symptoms during L-DOPA therapy for Parkinson’s disease and their relationship to physical disability. Psychol. Med., 6, 23–33
Mindham, R. H. S. and Shepherd, M. (1973). Clinical psychopharmacology. In Recent Advances in Medicine (eds Baron, Compston and Dawson ), Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh
Mjönes, H. (1949). Paralysis Agitans: A Clinical and Genetic Study, Acta psychiat. neuro!. scand. Suppl., 54
Montagu, K. A. (1957). Catechol compounds in rat tissues and in brains of different animals. Nature Lond., 180, 244–245
Naville, F. (1922). Etudes sur les complications et les séquelles mentales de l’encéphalite épidemique: la bradyphrenie. l’Encéphale, 17, 369–375
Parkinson, J. (1817). An Essay on the Shaking Palsy, Sherwood, Neely and Jones, London
Perry, T. L., Hansen, S. and Kloster, M. (1973). Huntington’s chorea: deficiency of Yamino-butyric acid in brain. New Engl. J. Med., 288, 337–342
Pollack, M. and Hornabrook, R. W. (1966). The prevalence, natural history and dementia of Parkinson’s disease. Brain, 89, 429–448
Porteous, H. B. and Ross, D. N. (1956). Mental symptoms in parkinsonism following benzhexol hydrochloride therapy. Br. med. J., 2, 138–140
Poskanzer, D. C. (1969). L-DOPA in Parkinson’s syndrome. Leader. New Engl. J. Med., 279, 382–383
Reitan, R. M. and Ball, T. J. (1971). Intellectual and cognitive functions in Parkinson’s disease. J. Cons. Clin. Psycho!., 37, 304–369
Sandler, M. (1972). Monoamines and mental disease. Proc. R. Soc. Med., 65, 584–585
Schildkraut, J. J. (1965). The catechol amine hypothesis of affective disorders: a review of the supporting evidence. Am. J. Psychiat., 122, 509–522
Schildkraut, J. J. (1969). Neuropsychopharmacology and the affective disorders. New Engl. J. Med., 281, 197–201, 248–255, 302–308
Schwab, R. S., Fabing, H. D. and Prichard, J. S. (1951). Psychiatric symptoms and syndromes in parkinson’s disease. Am. J. Psychiat., 107, 901–907
Shaw, D. M., Camps, F. E. and Eccleston, E. G. (1967). 5-Hydroxytryptamine in the hind-brain of depressive suicides. Br. J. Psychiat., 113, 1407–1411
Snyder, S. H., Banerjee, S. P., Yamamura, H. I. and Greenberg, D. (1974). Drugs, neurotransmitters and schizophrenia. Science, 184, 1243–1253
Stephens, D. A. (1967). Psychotoxic effects of benzhexol hydrochloride (Artane). Br. J. Psychiat., 113, 213–218
Stimmel, G. L. (1976). Neuroleptics and the corpus striatum: clinical implications. Dis. nerv. Syst., 37, 219–224
Yahr, M. D., Wolf, A., Antunes, J. L., Miyoshi, K. and Duffy, P. (1972). Autopsy findings in parkinsonism following treatment with levodopa. Neurology, 22, 56–71
Yaryura-Tobias, J. A., Diamond, B. and Merlis, S. (1970). The action of L-DOPA on schizophrenic patients. Curr. ther. Res., 12, 528–531
Copyright information
© 1978 Raghu N. Gaind and Barbara L. Hudson
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mindham, R.H.S. (1978). Relevance of Research in Parkinson’s Disease to Psychiatry. In: Current Themes in Psychiatry 1. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03642-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03642-4_9
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-03644-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-03642-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)