Abstract
Input parameters such as diffusion constants and inversion heights are the permanent basic problems of atmospheric modelling. Quite often they are inserted into the computational formulae based on the results of previous experiences made in more or less similar conditions. The next step, that of computing diffusion parameters from real-time monitoring network observations and of using them as input values, was performed by Shieh et al. (1970, 1972). They expressed the diffusion parameters as
with i = x, y, z and where a i (x) is the diffusion parameter at a distance x, u is the wind velocity, t is the diffusion time and α, p are constants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bankoff, S. G., and Hanzevack, E. L., Jr. (1973). Parameter updating for air pollution dispersion model. Proc. Symp. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. Natl Meet. Air Pollut. Modelling, New Orleans, La
Bankoff, S. G. (1975). The adaptive filtering transport model for predicting and control of pollutant concentration in an urban airshed. Atmos. Environ.,9,793–808
Breiman, L., and Meisel, W. S.(1976) Empirical techniques for analyzing air quality and meteorological data, part Ill, short–term changes in ground–level ozone concentrations: an empirical analysis. US Environ. Prot. Agency, Publ. No. EPA–600/4–76–029c, 73 pp.
Buell, C. E.(1975). Objective procedures for optimum location of air pollution observation stations. US Environ. Prot. Agency, Publ. No. EPA–650/4–75–005, 215 pp.
Busch, N. (1973). Proc. 4th Meet. North Atlantic Treaty Organ. - Comm. Challenges Modern Soc. Expert Panel Air Pollut. Modelling, Oberursel, 28 to 30 May 1973
Calder, K. L. (1973). Personal communication to N. Busch.
Desalu, A. A., Gould, L. A., and Schweppe, F. C. (1974). Dynamic estimation of air pollution. Inst. Electr. Electron. Eng. Autom. Control, 19, 904–10
Gustafson, S. A., Kortanek, K. O., and Sweigart, J. R. (1976). Numerical optimisation technique in air quality modelling. US Environ. Prot. Agency, Publ., No. EPA–600/4–76–058, 42 pp.
Hino, M. (1973). Statistical prediction method of environmental pollution combining theory and multi-variate analysis. Proc. Jpn. Soc. Civil Eng. Tokyo Environ. Problems Symp., 3 to 4 December 1973, pp.32–6 (in Japanese)
Hino, M.(1977).On-line prediction system of air pollution by statistical and control theories (FRAK). Proc. 4th Int. Clean Air Congr., Tokyo, 16 to 20 May 1977 pp. 334–7
Hino, M., Mori, G., and Yoshikawa, S. (1973). Prediction of atmospheric pollution by Kalman filter. J. Jpn. Soc. Air. Pollut., 8, p. 402 (in Japanese)
Hino, M. (1974). Trans. Jpn. Soc. Civil Eng., 224, 79–90
Hino, M., and Tajima, T. (1974). Prediction of pollutant concentration by phase-regression analysis. J. Jpn. Soc. Air Pollut., 9, 276 (in Japanese)
Horie, Y. (1972). Air pollution modelling, simulation and control. Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, Kansas, Thesis, 174 pp.
Horie, Y., and Fan, L. T. (1973). Air pollution forecasting by an adaptive method. Simulation, 119–25
Kalman, R. E. (1960). A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems. Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., Ser. D, J. Basic Eng., 82, 35–45
Kalman,R. E., Lapidus, L., and Shapiro, R. (1960). Computer control of processes. Chem. Eng. Prog., 5655–61
Lee, R. C. K. (1964). Optimal Estimation, Identification and Control, Mass. Inst. Technol. Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Mehra, R. K. (1971). Identification of stochastic linear dynamic systems using Kalman filter representation. Aircraft Ind. Assoc. Am. J., 9, 28–31
Meisel, W. S. (1976). Empirical techniques for analysing air quality and meteorological data, part I, the role of empirical methods in air quality and meteorological analysis. US Environ. Prot. Agency, Publ., No. EPA–600/4–76–029a, 66 pp.
Meisel, W. S., and Teener, M. D. (1976). Empirical techniques, part II, feasibility study of a source-oriented empirical air quality simulation model. US Environ. Prot. Agency, Publ., No. EPA-600/4–029b, 61 pp.
Pooler, F. J. (1961). A prediction model for mean urban pollution for use with standard wind roses. Int. J. Air Water Pollut., 4, 199–211
Seinfeld, J. H. (1969). Mathematical models of air quality control regions, Development of Air Quality Standards (eds A. Atkisson and R. S. Gaines), Merrill, Columbus, Ohio
Shieh, L. J., Davidson, B., and Friend, J. P. (1970). A model of diffusion in urban atmospheres: sulphur dioxide in Greater New York. Proc. Symp. Multiple–source Urban Diffusion Models (ed. A. Stern), US Environ. Prot. Agency, Publ., No. AP–86, pp. 10–1–10–38
Shieh, L. J., Halpern, P. K., Clemens, B. A., Wang, H. H., and Abraham, F. F. (1972). Air quality diffusion model; application to New York city. IBM J. Res. Dev., No. 3, 162–70
Takamatsu, T., Naito, M., Hiraoka, M., Kawata, K., and Mizoguchi (1971). Computer control system for preventing air pollution. Proc. 2nd Int. Clean Air Congr., Washington, D.C., 6 to 11 December 1970 (eds H. M. Englund and W. T. Beery), Academic Press, New York, pp. 1135–43
Ulbrich, E. A. (1967). Adapredictive air pollution control for Los Angeles basin. Proc.Assoc. Comput. Mach. Annu. Symp. Appl. Comput. to Problem Urban Soc., 10 November 1967
Wayne, L. G. (1969). Development of Air Quality Standards (eds A. Atkisson and R. S. Gaines), Merrill, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 186–99, discussion
Wells, C. H. (1971). Application of modern estimation and identification techniques to chemical processes. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J.,17, 966–73
Wells, C. H., and Lau, R. W. J. (1971). Stochastic modelling and control of ambient air quality: a new approach. Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng. Western Electron. Show Cony., San Francisco, Calif, 24 to 27 August 1971, Paper, No. 32/5, 8 pp.
Yokoyama, O. (1973). The development of an air pollution monitoring system. Proc. 3rd Int. Clean Air Congr., Düsseldorf 8 to 12 October 1973, VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, pp. C137–C139
Yokoyama, O. (1977). The air pollution forecast and control system (APMS). Proc. 4th Int. Clean Air Congr., Tokyo, J, 16 to 20 May 1977 pp. 329–33
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1980 Michel M. Benarie
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Benarie, M.M. (1980). Empirical techniques. In: Urban Air Pollution Modelling. Air Pollution Problems Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03639-4_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03639-4_8
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-03641-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-03639-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)