Abstract
If a number of air quality observations have been made at a given place, the information is usually concentrated in tables or graphs. Often, a further step towards concentration is undertaken by condensing groups of figures into averages coupled with their standard deviations: these are called descriptive statistical parameters, and the tabulation, averaging, etc., process is called descriptive statistics. However, we are interested not only in the adequate representation of observed or observable data but also in the relationships that permit conclusions to be drawn from these observations (that is, samples) for other as yet unobserved samples or even for the whole population of observable samples. Thus even the most complex statistical model is based on a group of observations, and statistical models are essentially empirical. This basic simple statement encompasses all the limitations of these models from the most simple to the mathematically most complex.
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Benarie, M.M. (1980). Statistical relationships. In: Urban Air Pollution Modelling. Air Pollution Problems Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03639-4_10
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