Abstract
Besides implying (1) structure and (2) behaviour, the term ‘organisation’ also implies (3) processes. These may be defined as a ‘series of actions that lead to the accomplishment of objectives’.1 As such, processes may be functional (selling, producing, etc.) or administrative. It is only with the latter that this section is concerned. Major administrative processes include organising, communicating, controlling, leading, delegation, planning and decision-making — a list that could be greatly extended by inclusion of additional activities of a supporting or facilitating nature, or further complicated by treating some processes as phases or subparts of others.
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Notes
W. H. Newman and C. E. Summer, The Process of Management ( Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1961 ) p. 9.
L. Urwick, The Elements of Administration ( New York: Harper, 1944 ) p. 125.
L. Gulick and L. Urwick, Papers on the Science of Administration ( New York: Columbia University Press, 1937 ) p. 37.
C. I. Barnard, The Functions of the Executive (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1938) pp. 82, 89–91, 106–9.
W. G. Scott, ‘Organizational Theory: An Overview and Appraisal’; The Journal of the Academy of Management, April 1961, pp. 7–26.
Fritz J. Roethlisberger, ‘Contributions of the Behavioral Sciences to a General Theory of Management’ in Harold Koontz (ed.), Toward a Unified Theory of Management ( New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964 ) p. 54.
Rensis Likert, New Patterns of Management ( New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961 ) p. 61.
National Institute of Industrial Psychology, Conference Leading, paper no. 4, 1966, p. 26.
Luther Gulick, ‘Notes on the Theory of Organization’, in L. Gulick and L. F. Urwick (eds), Papers on the Science of Administration ( New York: Columbia University Press, 1937 ) pp. 3–45.
L. F. Urwick, The Elements of Administration ( New York: Harper, 1944 ) p. 18.
E. P. Learned and A. T. Sproat, Organization Theory and Policy:.iVotes for Analysis (Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1966 ), p. 49.
For details see Fritz J. Roethlisberger, Training for Human Relations ( Boston: Harvard University Press, 1954 ) p. 14.
E. P. Learned et al., Executive Action ( Boston: Harvard University Press, 1951 ) p. 89.
H. Simon, Administrative Behavior, (New York: The Macmillan Company, 2nd ed., 1959) p. 243.
H. Simon, The New Science of Management Decision ( New York: Harper, 1966 ) pp. 44–5.
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© 1978 Ukandi G. Damachi
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Damachi, U.G. (1978). Organisational Processes. In: Theories of Management and the Executive in the Developing World. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03586-1_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03586-1_7
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