Summary
In hepatic failure the enzymes of detoxification in the liver are greatly reduced and this results in an accumulation of toxins in the blood. The toxins which thus occur in hepatic failure in their turn inhibit many of the enzymes of the liver and brain metabolism. This review discusses the elimination of endogenous and exogenous toxins from blood and shows that this can be achieved in vitro and in vivo by extracorporeal enzymatic conjugation and hydroxylation using membrane bound UDP-glucoronyltransferase, cytochrome-p-450 and NADPH-cytochro me-p450 reductase.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bessman, S. P. (1956). Ammonia metabolism in animals, in W. D. McEtroy and B. Glass, B. (Eds.), Symposium on Inorganic Nitrogen Metabolism, Baltimore 408–437.
Bessman, S. P. and Bessman, A. N. (1955). The cerebral and peripheral uptake of ammonia in liver disease with an hypothesis for the mechanism of hepatic coma. J. Clin. Invest., 34, 622–628.
Bigler, F., Thölen, H. and Staub, H. (1962). Zur Pathogenese des Urämiesyndroms. IV. Mitteilung über den Einfluß von pH, Sauerstoff und Coenzym A auf die Acetoinsynthese aus Brenztraubensäure in Leber und Hirn der Ratte. Schweiz. Med. Wschr., 92, 746–748.
Brunner, G. (1975). Microsomal enzymes bound to artificial carriers. A new approach towards an extracorporeal detoxification in liver failure, in R. Williams and I. M. Murray-Lyon (Eds.) Artificial Liver Support, Pitman Medical, London, pp. 153–157.
Brunner, G. (1976). Habilitation thesis. University of Göttingen.
Cuatrecasas, P. (1970). Protein purification by affinity chromatography. J. Biol. Chem., 245, 3059–3065.
Foster, D., Ahmed, K. and Zieve, L. (1974). Action of methanthiol on Na+, K+-ATPase: implications for hepatic coma. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 242, 573–576.
Haugen, D. A., van der Hoeven, I. and Coon, M. J. (1975). Purified liver microsomal cytochrome-P-450. J. Biol. Chem., 25, 3567–3570.
McKhann, G. M. and Tower, D. B. (1961). Ammonia toxicity and cerebral oxidative metabolism. Amer. J. Physiol., 200, 420–424.
Van der Hoeven, T. A. and Coon, M. J. (1974). Preparation and properties of partially purified cytochrome-P-450 and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome-P-450 reductase from rabbit liver microsomes. J. Biol. Chem., 249, 6302–6310.
Vermilion, J. L. and Coon, M. J. (1974). Highly purified detergent-solubilised NADPH-cytochrome-P-450-reductase from phenobarbital-induced rat liver microsomes. J. Biol. Chem., 249, 1315–1322.
Weber, G., Convery, H. J., Lea, M. A. and Stamm. N. B. (1966). Feedback inhibition of key glycolytic enzymes in liver: action of free fatty acids. Science, 154, 1 357–1360.
Zieve, L., Doizaki, W. M., and Zieve, F. J. (1974). Synergism between mercaptans and ammonia or fatty acids in the production of coma: a possible role for mercaptans in the pathogenesis of hepatic coma. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 83, 16–28
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1977 Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brunner, G., Loesgen, H. (1977). Towards an Extracorporeal Detoxification System in Liver Failure. Detoxifying Enzymes Bound to Artificial Carriers as Mono-and Multi-enzyme Complexes. In: Kenedi, R.M., Courtney, J.M., Gaylor, J.D.S., Gilchrist, T., Gerard, S.M. (eds) Artificial Organs. Strathclyde Bioengineering Seminars. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03458-1_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03458-1_43
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-03460-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-03458-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)