Abstract
‘No aspect of public policy causes more frustration than housing’, writes a development economist; ‘almost everywhere the gap between intention and achievement is wide’.1 Another statement ranks housing high among the problems classed as ‘wicked’, or slippery of definition and nearly impossible of resolution.2 In the face of such discouraging views, we attempt in this final chapter to formulate housing policies geared to economic and social development. The chapter concludes with guidelines for the evaluation of housing as a component of development strategies.
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Notes
W. A. Lewis, Development Planning ( New York: Harper & Row, 1966 ) pp. 112–13.
H. W. J. Rittel and M. M. Webber, ‘Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning’, Policy Sciences, 4 (1973), 155–69.
T. Hongladaromp, Klong Toey-1973: A House-to-House Survey of the Squatter Slum (Bangkok: Asian Institute of Technology, 1973); cited in S. Aroni, ‘The Ecology of Housing’, I.T.C.C. Review, Supplement to iv, 3 (15) (July 1975), pp. 18–37.
P. Cottingham and D. Gasparis, Rural-Urban Migration in the Guayana Region, Venezuela (Los Angeles: International Housing Productivity Study, University of California, 1969 ).
The invention of J. S. Duesenberry; see his Income, Saving, and the Theory of Consumer Behavior (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1949).
J. Carr and L. B. Smith, ‘Public Land Banking and the Price of Land’, Land Economics, li. 4 (November 1975) pp. 316–30.
C. Abrams, The Language of Cities (New York: Viking Press, 1971) p. 243. According to a report of the U.N. Technical Assistance Mission that evaluated the Ghana project, costs were approximately eighty per cent more than predicted, which was sixty per cent higher than if concrete block walls had been built rather than the ‘advanced’ Dutch Schokbeton system. U.N. Technical Assistance Program Document ST/TAA/K/Ghana/1, Housing in Ghana (New York, 1957) pp. 127–35.
W. P. Strassmann, ‘Industrialized Systems Building for Developing Countries, A Discouraging Prognosis’, I. T. C.C. Review, Supplement to iv, 1 (13) (January 1975).
For examples in the U.S., see L. Grebler, Large-Scale Housing and Real Estate Firms (New York: Praeger, 1973) p. 54.
T. L. Webb and C. T. Welch, ‘Housing for Urban Communities in Developing Countries’, Build International, iv, 2 (March–April 1971) pp. 102–10.
G. Vernez, ‘A Housing Services Policy for Low-Income Urban Families in Underdeveloped Countries’, I.T.C.C. Review, Supplement to iv, 3 (15) (July 1975) p. 88.
R. Morse, ‘Recent Research on Latin American Urbanization’, Latin American Researchi, 1(fall 1965) p. 56.
C. Stokes, ‘A Theory of Slums’, Land Economics, 38, 3 (August 1962).
J. E. Perlman, The Myth of Marginality (Berkeley: University of California Press, 197).
J. Turner and R. Fichter (eds), Freedom to Build (New York: Macmillan, 1972) pp. 230–1.
P. Marcuse, ‘Homeownership for Low-Income Families’, Land Economics, xlvii, 2 (May 1972).
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© 1977 Leland S. Burns and Leo Grebler
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Burns, L.S., Grebler, L. (1977). Toward Housing Policies for Social and Economic Development. In: The Housing of Nations. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03045-3_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03045-3_9
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