Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Environmental Factors in Intercity Transport

  • Chapter
Intercity Transport

  • 9 Accesses

Abstract

One of the constraints associated with transport is risk. A unit of measurement for risk is required for use in the analysis of transport capacity. As there is no escape from death, the issue that can be dealt with is how to make the current expected life span (approximately 600 000 hours) longer and less uncertain. Traffic density and safety are often inversely related. Safety, however, does not enter into capacity problems explicitly, but through different rules, equipment, design, etc.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Starr, C. (1969). Social benefit versus technological risk, Science, 165

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lawson, R. (1966). An Analysis of Trends in Transport Facilities PB 185426, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  3. Tani, H. (1968). The reverse stopping ability, J. Inst. Navig., 21

    Google Scholar 

  4. Potts, C. E. and Roeber, J. F. (1972). Time/frequency and transportation, Proc. IEEE, 60

    Google Scholar 

  5. Beer, W. J. (1968). Analysis of world merchant ship losses, J. Inst. Nay. Arch. The Liverpool Underwriters (1970). Annual Report, London The Lloyd’s Register of Shipping (1970). Annual Report, London

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fujii, Y. and Shiobara, R. (1971). The analysis of traffic accidents, J. Inst. Navig., 24 Government Report (1962). Oresund Connection, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lloyd, T. I. (1970). Comparison of the safety record of British Rail and highways, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2

    Google Scholar 

  8. Pierick, K. (1971). Zur Problematik der Verkehrssicherheit, Die Bundesbahn, 45

    Google Scholar 

  9. UIC (1971–73). International Railway Statistics UIC Paris

    Google Scholar 

  10. Accident Reports (1968). Railway Gazette 124, October 4

    Google Scholar 

  11. Thorson, O. and Mouritsen, I. (1971). Report 6, Danish Council of Road Safety Research, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  12. Raisbeck, G. (1972). Problems in the ratification of analysis of transport safety, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 4

    Google Scholar 

  13. Jorgensen, N. O. (1972). 11th Int. Study Week Traf. Eng. Safety Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ernst, E. (1966). 8th Int. Study Week Traf. Eng. Safety Barcelona

    Google Scholar 

  15. United Nations (1973). Transport Statistics New York

    Google Scholar 

  16. Highway Research Board (1970). Factors Influencing Safety at Highway Rail Grade Crossings Special Report 50, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  17. Marks, B. L. (1963). Air Traffic Control Separation Standards and Collision Risk, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough

    Google Scholar 

  18. Reich, P. G. (1966). Analysis of long-range air traffic systems, J. Inst. Navig, 19

    Google Scholar 

  19. Faison, W. E. (1967). Assessing separation criteria for approach to departing parallel runways, IATA 17th Techn. Conf., Montreal

    Google Scholar 

  20. Steinberg, H. A. (1970). Collision and mid-air risks in high capacity airport operations, Proc. IEEE, 58

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hockaday, S. (1969). Separation of Landing Aircraft with Special Reference to Collision Risk ITTE, University of California I.C.A.O. (1972) Circular-106-AN/80 Montreal

    Google Scholar 

  22. The Pollution Committee (1972). Noise, Roads and Railways Report 26, Copenhagen Stüber, C. (1974). Railway Gazette International December

    Google Scholar 

  23. The Pollution Committee (1972). Aircraft Noise Report 25, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  24. Power, J. K. (1971). Aircraft Noise Standards and Regulations DOT,Washington

    Google Scholar 

  25. Mathieu, E. (1970). Regional Statistics on Safety, ITA, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  26. Stratton, A. (1974). Safety and air navigation, J. Inst. Navig., 27

    Google Scholar 

  27. National Transport Safety Board (1970). Aircraft Accident Report January 13, 1969, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  28. Airforce Manual (1964). Land Use Planning with Respect to Aircraft Noise no. 86–5, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  29. Plessas, D. (1973). Land use planning with respect to aircraft noise, Land Economics, 49

    Google Scholar 

  30. Dienemann, P. and Lago, A (1971). Transport system technologies, Transp. Science, 5

    Google Scholar 

  31. Rallis, T., Rasmussen, R. E. H. and Rydal, J. (1959) On dissipation of fog, Ingenioren, Int. Edition, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  32. Rallis, T. (1963). Airports, Acta Poly. Scand., 18, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  33. Rallis, T. (1973). Identification of critical parameters in transport systems and environment in Denmark, Int. Symp. Transp. Enivron., University of Southampton, Southampton

    Google Scholar 

  34. Wigan, M. R. (1975). Some environmental impacts as part of the transportation planning process, T.R.R.L. Suppl. Report 136 UC, Crowthorne

    Google Scholar 

  35. Perkins, H. C. (1974). Air Pollution, McGraw Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  36. Sunn Pedersen, P. and Rasmussen, 1, (1973) Luftforurening for Forbrendingsmotorer, The Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  37. HRB, (1974). Air quality and environmental factors. Transp. Res. Record 492, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  38. Rummc, N. (1974). The effect of carbon monoxide, J. Safety Res., 6

    Google Scholar 

  39. A Guide for Reducing Automotive Air Pollution PB 204870 and PB 204878, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kostilainen, V. and Hyvarinen, M. (1974). Ship casualities in the Baltic, 1971–72, J. Inst. Navig., 27

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kostilainen, V. and Hyvarinen, M. (1971). Casualties to tankers in the Baltic, Report 5, Technical University, Helsinki

    Google Scholar 

  42. Hara, K. (1974) Probability of collision in marine traffic, J. Inst. Navig., 27

    Google Scholar 

  43. Fujii, Y. and Yamanouchi, H. (1974). Frequency of accidents in marine traffic, J. Inst. Navig., 27

    Google Scholar 

  44. Maritime Safety Agency (1973). Marine Accidents Japan

    Google Scholar 

  45. CLM Systems (1974). Airports and their Environment PB 219957, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  46. National Cooperative Highway Research, Progress Report 133, Washington (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Wheatley, J. H. (1973). Collisions and strandings in the English Channel, J. Inst. Navig., 26

    Google Scholar 

  48. Beattie, (1963, 1966, 1968 ) Traffic regulations in the Dover Strait, J. Inst. Navig., 16, 19, 21

    Google Scholar 

  49. Fricker, (1961, 1973 ). Three classic collisions, J. Inst. Navig., 14, 26

    Google Scholar 

  50. Hargreaves, E. R. (1973). Safety of navigation in the English Channel, J. Inst. Navig., 26

    Google Scholar 

  51. Emden, R. K. (1975). The Dover Strait information service, J. Inst. Navig., 28

    Google Scholar 

  52. Foster, E. (1967). Safety at sea J. Inst. Navig., 20

    Google Scholar 

  53. Wylie, F. J. (1966, 1973 ). Regulations for preventing collisions at sea J. Inst. Navig., 19, 26

    Google Scholar 

  54. Diewald, W. J. (1974). Incorporating highway safety into level of service, J. Proc. ASCE,Transp. Eng., 100

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Tom Rallis

Authors
  1. Tom Rallis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Copyright information

© 1977 Tom Rallis

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rallis, T. (1977). Environmental Factors in Intercity Transport. In: Intercity Transport. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-02923-5_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation